Sex bias and maternal contribution to gene expression divergence in Drosophila blastoderm embryos
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA281640 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR1981590_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR1981590_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR1981600_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR1981600_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR1981610.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Early embryogenesis is a unique developmental stage where genetic control of development is handed off from mother to zygote. Yet the contribution of this transition to the evolution of gene expression is poorly understood. Here we study two aspects of gene expression specific to early embryogenesis in Drosophila: sex-biased gene expression prior to the onset of canonical X chromosomal dosage compensation, and the contribution of maternally supplied mRNAs. We sequenced mRNAs from individual unfertilized eggs, precisely staged and sexed blastoderm embryos and compared levels between D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis. First, we find that mRNA content is highly conserved for a given stage and that studies relying on pooled embryos may systematically overstate the degree of gene expression divergence. Unlike studies done on larvae and adults, where most species show a larger proportion of genes with male-biased expression, we find that transcripts in Drosophila embryos are largely female-biased in all species, likely due to incomplete dosage compensation prior to the activation of the canonical dosage compensation mechanism. The divergence of sex-biased gene expression across species is observed to be often due to a decrease of expression, the most drastic example of which is the overall reduction of male expression from the neo-X chromosome in D. pseudoobscura, leading to a pervasive female-bias on this chromosome. We see no evidence for a faster evolution of expression on the X chromosome in embryos (no “faster X” effect), unlike in adults and contrary to a previous study on pooled non-sexed embryos. Finally, we find that most genes are conserved in regard to their maternal or zygotic origin of transcription, and present evidence that differences in maternal contribution to the blastoderm transcript pool may be due to species-specific divergence of transcript degradation rates We sequenced mRNA from D. melanogaser, D. yakuba, D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis single unfertilized eggs (1 to 2 per species) and from both single female and male embryos (3 per sex per species).
2015-04-21 | E-GEOD-68062 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Early embryogenesis is a unique developmental stage where genetic control of development is handed off from mother to zygote. Yet the contribution of this transition to the evolution of gene expression is poorly understood. Here we study two aspects of gene expression specific to early embryogenesis in Drosophila: sex-biased gene expression prior to the onset of canonical X chromosomal dosage compensation, and the contribution of maternally supplied mRNAs. We sequenced mRNAs from individual unfertilized eggs, precisely staged and sexed blastoderm embryos and compared levels between D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis. First, we find that mRNA content is highly conserved for a given stage and that studies relying on pooled embryos may systematically overstate the degree of gene expression divergence. Unlike studies done on larvae and adults, where most species show a larger proportion of genes with male-biased expression, we find that transcripts in Drosophila embryos are largely female-biased in all species, likely due to incomplete dosage compensation prior to the activation of the canonical dosage compensation mechanism. The divergence of sex-biased gene expression across species is observed to be often due to a decrease of expression, the most drastic example of which is the overall reduction of male expression from the neo-X chromosome in D. pseudoobscura, leading to a pervasive female-bias on this chromosome. We see no evidence for a faster evolution of expression on the X chromosome in embryos (no “faster X” effect), unlike in adults and contrary to a previous study on pooled non-sexed embryos. Finally, we find that most genes are conserved in regard to their maternal or zygotic origin of transcription, and present evidence that differences in maternal contribution to the blastoderm transcript pool may be due to species-specific divergence of transcript degradation rates
2015-04-21 | GSE68062 | GEO
Project description:Early embryogenesis is a unique developmental stage where genetic control of development is handed off from mother to zygote. Yet the contribution of this transition to the evolution of gene expression is poorly understood. Here we study two aspects of gene expression specific to early embryogenesis in Drosophila: sex-biased gene expression prior to the onset of canonical X chromosomal dosage compensation, and the contribution of maternally supplied mRNAs. We sequenced mRNAs from individual unfertilized eggs and precisely staged and sexed blastoderm embryos, and compared levels between D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis. First, we find that mRNA content is highly conserved for a given stage and that studies relying on pooled embryos likely systematically overstate the degree of gene expression divergence. Unlike studies done on larvae and adults where most species show a larger proportion of genes with male-biased expression, we find that transcripts in Drosophila embryos are largely female-biased in all species, likely due to incomplete dosage compensation prior to the activation of the canonical dosage compensation mechanism. The divergence of sex-biased gene expression across species is observed to be often due to lineage-specific decrease of expression; the most drastic example of which is the overall reduction of male expression from the neo-X chromosome in D. pseudoobscura, leading to a pervasive female-bias on this chromosome. We see no evidence for a faster evolution of expression on the X chromosome in embryos (no "faster-X" effect), unlike in adults, and contrary to a previous study on pooled non-sexed embryos. Finally, we find that most genes are conserved in regard to their maternal or zygotic origin of transcription, and present evidence that differences in maternal contribution to the blastoderm transcript pool may be due to species-specific divergence of transcript degradation rates.
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Project description:We sequenced mRNA from blastoderm embryos of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila yakuba, Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila virilis. Two samples contain pooled mRNA from several species, and the remaining 24 samples contain mRNA from a single species. Methods: Retinal mRNA profiles of Blastoderm embryos
2013-09-12 | GSE50766 | GEO
Project description:We sequenced mRNA from blastoderm embryos of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila yakuba, Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila virilis. Two samples contain pooled mRNA from several species, and the remaining 24 samples contain mRNA from a single species. Methods: Retinal mRNA profiles of Blastoderm embryos Comparison of the evolution of gene expression and regulatory TF binding in early Drosophila embryos.
2013-09-12 | E-GEOD-50766 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To better characterize how variation in regulatory sequences drives divergence in gene expression, we undertook a systematic study of transcription factor binding and gene expression in blastoderm embryos of four species, which sample much of the diversity in the 40 million-year old genus Drosophila: D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis. We compared gene expression, measured by mRNA-seq, to the genome-wide binding, measured by ChIP-seq, of four transcription factors involved in early anterior-posterior patterning. We found that mRNA levels are much better conserved than individual transcription factor binding events, and that changes in a gene’s expression were poorly explained by changes in adjacent transcription factor binding. However highly bound sites, sites in regions bound by multiple factors and sites near genes are conserved more frequently than other binding, suggesting that a considerable amount of transcription factor binding is weakly or non-functional and not subject to purifying selection
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Project description:Although not all sex-dependent gene expression is adaptive, it is likely an important genomic mechanism that allows each sex to independently adapt to environmental changes. Among Drosophila species, sex-biased genes display remarkably consistent evolutionary patterns; male-biased genes evolve faster than unbiased genes in both coding sequence and expression level, suggesting sex-differences in selection through time. However, comparatively little is known of the evolutionary process shaping sex-biased expression within species. Latitudinal clines offer an opportunity to examine how changes in key ecological parameters also influence sex-specific selection and the evolution of sex-biased gene expression. We assayed male and female gene expression in Drosophila serrata along a latitudinal gradient in eastern Australia spanning most of its endemic distribution. Analysis of 11,631 genes across eight populations revealed strong sex differences in the frequency, mode, and strength of divergence. Divergence was far stronger in males than females and while latitudinal clines were evident in both sexes, male divergence was often population-specific, suggesting responses to localized selection pressures that do not covary predictably with latitude. While divergence was enriched for male-biased genes, there was no overrepresentation of X-linked genes in males. By contrast, X-linked divergence was elevated in females, especially for female biased genes. Many genes that diverged in D. serrata have homologs also showing latitudinal divergence in D. simulans and D. melanogaster on other continents, likely indicating parallel adaptation in these distantly related species. Our results suggest that sex differences in selection play an important role in shaping the evolution of gene expression over macro- and micro-ecological spatial scales.
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Project description:Alternative splicing (AS) plays key roles in plant development and responses to environmental changes. However, the mechanisms underlying AS divergence (differential expression of transcript isoforms resulting from alternative splicing) in plant accessions and its contributions to responses to environmental stimuli remain unclear. In this study, we investigated genome-wide variation of AS in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Col-0, Bur-0, C24, Kro-0, and Ler-1, as well as their F1 hybrids, and characterized the regulatory mechanisms for AS divergence by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that most of the divergent AS events in Arabidopsis accessions were cis-regulated by sequence variation, including those in core splice site and splicing motifs. Many genes that differed in AS between Col-0 and Bur-0 were involved in stimulus responses. Further genome-wide association analyses of 22 environmental variables showed that SNPs influencing known splice site strength were also associated with environmental stress responses. These results demonstrate that cis-variation in genomic sequences among Arabidopsis accessions was the dominant contributor to AS divergence, and it may contribute to differences in environmental responses among Arabidopsis accessions.
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