Project description:The goal of this project was to compare the metabolite profiles of the: mouse gastric antrum and the mouse gastric corpus, the mouse gastric antrum and the mouse gastric antrum isolated glands, and the mouse gastric corpus and the mouse gastric corpus isolated glands.
Project description:Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the oocyst of Cryptosporidium in human and animals. MicroRNA (miRNA) emerges as important player in regulating the innate immune response against parasitic infection. Here, we compared miRNA profiles of the glandular stomach of Cryptosporidium muris (C. muris) infected and un-infected BALB/c mice using microarray sequencing. A total of 10 miRNAs (including 3 upregulated and 7 downregulated miRNAs) with significant expression differences (|FC| ≥ 2 and P value test < 0.05) were screened after C. muris infected the glandular stomach of BALB/c mice for 8 hours. MiRWalk and miRDB online bioinformatics software were used to predict the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for annotate the target genes. GO terms indicates that many are associated with the relevant generic transcription and ion transport. In addition, the KEGG analyses showed that the target genes were strictly related to a diverse types of tumor disease progression and the antipathogen immunity pathway. In the current study, we first reported the changes of miRNA expression profile in glandular stomach of BALB/c mice at the early phase of C. muris invasion. As such, dysregulation of miRNA expression profile may contribute to our understanding of the Cryptosporidiosis pathology. The result reported in this paper provide a new perspective into the miRNA regulatory mechanisms of Cryptosporidiosis, which may help to develop effective control strategies against Cryptosporidium.
Project description:In this study, nine C. muris and 43 C. andersoni isolates from various animals in China were subtyped by a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) tool. DNA sequence analyses showed the presence of 1-2 subtypes of C. muris and 2-6 subtypes of C. andersoni at each of the four loci (MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS16), nine of which represented new subtypes. Altogether, two C. muris and 10 C. andersoni MLST subtypes were detected. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated although the overall population structure of the two parasites was clonal, the Chinese C. andersoni in cattle has an epidemic structure. Three and two clusters were produced in the C. muris and C. andersoni populations by Structure 2.3.3 analysis, with Chinese C. muris and C. andersoni substructures differing from other countries. Thus, this study suggested the prevalence of C. andersoni in China is not attributed to the introduction of dairy cattle. More studies involving more genetic loci and systematic sampling are needed to better elucidate the population genetic structure of C. muris and C. andersoni in the world and the genetic basis for the difference in host specificity among the two most common gastric parasites.
Project description:The goal of this project was to compare the metabolite profiles of the: mouse gastric antrum and the mouse gastric corpus, the mouse gastric antrum and the mouse gastric antrum isolated glands, and the mouse gastric corpus and the mouse gastric corpus isolated glands.
Project description:Although widely used for the characterization of the transmission of intestinal Cryptosporidium spp., genotyping tools are not available for C. muris and C. andersoni, two of the most common gastric Cryptosporidium spp. infecting mammals. In this study, we screened the C. muris whole-genome sequencing data for microsatellite and minisatellite sequences. Among the 13 potential loci (6 microsatellite and 7 minisatellite loci) evaluated by PCR and DNA sequencing, 4 were eventually chosen. DNA sequence analyses of 27 C. muris and 17 C. andersoni DNA preparations showed the presence of 5 to 10 subtypes of C. muris and 1 to 4 subtypes of C. andersoni at each locus. Altogether, 11 C. muris and 7 C. andersoni multilocus sequence typing (MLST) subtypes were detected among the 16 C. muris and 12 C. andersoni specimens successfully sequenced at all four loci. In all analyses, the C. muris isolate (TS03) that originated from an East African mole rat differed significantly from other C. muris isolates, approaching the extent of genetic differences between C. muris and C. andersoni. Thus, an MLST technique was developed for the high-resolution typing of C. muris and C. andersoni. It should be useful for the characterization of the population genetics and transmission of gastric Cryptosporidium spp.
Project description:We generated a novel Six2-Cre+/-PKAcaRfl/wt (CA-PKA) CA-PKA mouse in which expression of constitutive-active PKAcaR was induced in gastric mesenchyme progenitors. CA-PKA mice showed disruption of gastric homeostasis characterized by aberrant mucosal development and epithelial hyperproliferation; ultimately developing multiple features of gastric corpus preneoplasia including decreased parietal cells, mucous cell hyperplasia, spasmolytic peptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM) with intestinal characteristics and dysplastic and invasive cystic glands. Our results show that constitutively active PKAcaR in the stomach mesenchyme nonautonomously disrupts gastric homeostasis characterized by increased epithelial proliferation and aberrant epithelial maldevelopment, ultimately leading to gastric preneoplasia.
Project description:We describe a case of Cryptosporidium muris infection in an HIV-infected adult with diarrhea in Kenya. Sequence analysis of an 840-bp region of the 18S rRNA gene locus demonstrated the isolate had 100% nucleotide identity with C. muris recovered from a rock hyrax, 98.8% with a C. muris "calf" isolate, 95.5% with C. serpentis, but only 87.8% with C. parvum "human" type.
Project description:Purpose: Sox2 expression marks gastric stem and progenitor cells, raising important questions regarding the genes regulated by Sox2 and the role of Sox2 itself during stomach homeostasis and disease. The goal of this study is to determine the function of and the genes regulated by Sox2 in the stomach. Methods: Sox2 ChIP-enriched DNA and input DNA was isolated from gastric glands of adult antrum from Sox2 KO and Sox2 WT mice. DNA was purified and genomic libraries were prepared as described (Sulahian et al., 2014), using four micrograms of goat anti-SOX2 (AF2018, R&D). Libraries were sequenced (50 bp, single-end reads) on an Illumina Hi-Seq 2000 instrument. Results: Sox2 is dispensiable for gastric stem cell self-renewal and epithelial homeostasis, however modulates the expression of wnt, intestinal and cancer related genes