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Drosophila melanogaster

ABSTRACT: Genetic and genomic response to selection for food consumption in Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: PRJNA292583 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR2155490.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR2155500.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR2155510.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR2155491.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR2155501.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Project description:Genetic and genomic response to selection for food consumption in Drosophila melanogaster

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Project description:Food consumption is critical for animal survival and reproduction. The biomedical and economic consequences of metabolic diseases arising from excessive food intake, however, are a burden for human society. While the role of neuroendocrine feedback loops, food sensing modalities, and physiological state in regulating food intake are increasingly well understood, other genetic mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we applied ten generations of artificial selection for high and low food consumption in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The phenotypic response to selection was highly asymmetric, with efficient selection and an average realized heritability of 0.15 in the lines selected for high food consumption. To further nominate candidate genes contributing to response to selection for feeding behavior, we evaluated differences in genome wide gene expression between the selection lines using whole-fly RNA sequencing. We identified 1,631 differentially expressed genes in the analysis pooled across sexes, and 1,267 (2,321) differentially expressed genes in females (males).

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Project description:Thomas Hunt Morgan and colleagues identified variation in gene copy number in Drosophila in the 1920s and 1930s and linked such variation to phenotypic differences [Bridges, C. B. (1936) Science 83, 210]. Yet the extent of variation in the number of chromosomes, chromosomal regions, or gene copies, and the importance of this variation within species, remain poorly understood. Here, we focus on copy-number variation in Drosophila melanogaster. We characterize copy-number polymorphism (CNP) across genomic regions, and we contrast patterns to infer the evolutionary processes acting on this variation. Copy-number variation in D. melanogaster is non-randomly distributed, presumably due to a mutational bias produced by tandem repeats or other mechanisms. Comparisons of coding and noncoding CNPs, however, reveal a strong effect of purifying selection in the removal of structural variation from functionally constrained regions. Most patterns of CNP in D. melanogaster suggest that negative selection and mutational biases are the primary agents responsible for shaping structural variation. Keywords: comparative genomic hybridization

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The sexually antagonistic genes of Drosophila melanogaster

Project description:Differences in the selective pressures experienced by males and females are believed to be ubiquitous in dioecious organisms and are expected to result in the evolution of sexually antagonistic alleles, thereby driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Negative genetic correlation for fitness between the sexes has been documented, however, the identity, number and location of loci causing this relationship are unknown. Here we show that a large proportion of Drosophila melanogaster transcripts are associated with the interaction between genomic haplotype and gender and that at least 8% of loci in the fly genome are currently evolving under sexually antagonistic selection.

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