ToxR Antagonizes H-NS Regulation of Horizontally Acquired Genes to Drive Host Colonization.
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA294110 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The virulence regulator ToxR initiates and coordinates gene expression needed by Vibrio cholerae to colonize the small intestine and cause disease. Despite its prominence in V. cholerae virulence, our understanding of the direct ToxR regulon is limited to four genes: toxT, ompT, ompU and ctxA. Here, we determine ToxR's genome-wide DNA-binding profile and demonstrate that ToxR is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands that encode V. cholerae's major virulence factors and define pandemic lineages. We show that ToxR shares more than a third of its regulon with the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein H-NS, and antagonizes H-NS binding at shared binding locations. Importantly, we demonstrate that this regulatory interaction is the critical function of ToxR in V. cholerae colonization and biofilm formation. In the absence of H-NS, ToxR is no longer required for V. cholerae to colonize the infant mouse intestine or for robust biofilm formation. We further illustrate a dramatic difference in regulatory scope between ToxR and other prominent virulence regulators, despite similar predicted requirements for DNA binding. Our results suggest that factors in addition to primary DNA structure influence the ability of ToxR to recognize its target promoters.
| S-EPMC4829181 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, poses an ongoing health threat due to its wide repertoire of horizontally acquired elements (HAEs) and virulence factors. New clinical isolates of the bacterium with improved fitness abilities, often associated with HAEs, frequently emerge. The appropriate control and expression of such genetic elements is critical for the bacteria to thrive in different environments. H-NS, the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein, is the best studied xenogeneic silencer of HAEs in gamma-proteobacteria. Although H-NS and other highly abundant nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) have been shown to play important roles in regulating HAEs and virulence in model bacteria, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how different NAPs modulate transcription in V. cholerae. By obtaining genome-wide measurements of protein occupancy and active transcription in a clinical isolate of V. cholerae, harboring recently-discovered HAEs encoding for phage defense systems, we show that lack of H-NS causes a robust increase on the expression of genes found in many HAEs. We further found that TsrA, a protein with partial homology to H-NS, regulates virulence genes primarily through modulation of H-NS activity, but we also found a few sites that are affected by TsrA independently of H-NS. Our results demonstrate how the combinatorial activity of NAPs is employed by a clinical isolate of an important pathogen to regulate recently-discovered HAEs.
2024-02-09 | GSE250406 | GEO
Project description:Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, poses an ongoing health threat due to its wide repertoire of horizontally acquired elements (HAEs) and virulence factors. New clinical isolates of the bacterium with improved fitness abilities, often associated with HAEs, frequently emerge. The appropriate control and expression of such genetic elements is critical for the bacteria to thrive in different environments. H-NS, the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein, is the best studied xenogeneic silencer of HAEs in gamma-proteobacteria. Although H-NS and other highly abundant nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) have been shown to play important roles in regulating HAEs and virulence in model bacteria, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how different NAPs modulate transcription in V. cholerae. By obtaining genome-wide measurements of protein occupancy and active transcription in a clinical isolate of V. cholerae, harboring recently-discovered HAEs encoding for phage defense systems, we show that lack of H-NS causes a robust increase on the expression of genes found in many HAEs. We further found that TsrA, a protein with partial homology to H-NS, regulates virulence genes primarily through modulation of H-NS activity, but we also found a few sites that are affected by TsrA independently of H-NS. Our results demonstrate how the combinatorial activity of NAPs is employed by a clinical isolate of an important pathogen to regulate recently-discovered HAEs.
2024-02-09 | GSE250405 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2016-03-23 | E-GEOD-72474 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2016-03-23 | GSE72474 | GEO
Project description:The transcriptional factor ToxR initiates a virulence regulatory cascade required for V. cholerae to express critical host colonization factors and cause disease. Genome-wide expression studies suggest that ToxR regulates many genes important for V. cholerae pathogenesis, yet our knowledge of the direct regulon controlled by ToxR is limited to just four genes. Here, we determine ToxRâs genome-wide DNA-binding profile and show that ToxR is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands encoding the majority of V. choleraeâs major virulence factors. Our results suggest that ToxR has gained regulatory control over important acquired elements that not only drive V. cholerae pathogenesis but that also define the major transitions of V. cholerae pandemic lineages. We demonstrate that ToxR shares nearly half its regulon with the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein H-NS, and antagonizes H-NS for control of critical colonization functions. This regulatory interaction is the major role of ToxR in V. cholerae colonization since deletion of H-NS abrogates the need of ToxR in V. cholerae host colonization. By comparing the genome-wide binding profiles of ToxR and other critical virulence regulators, we show that despite similar predicted DNA binding requirements, ToxR is unique in its global control of progenitor-encoded and acquired genes. Our results suggest that, like H-NS, factors in addition to linear DNA sequence drive selection of ToxR binding sites. We used ChIP-seq to identify HNS binding sites across the genome to determine the direct regulon of HNS
2016-03-23 | E-GEOD-72471 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The transcriptional factor ToxR initiates a virulence regulatory cascade required for V. cholerae to express critical host colonization factors and cause disease. Genome-wide expression studies suggest that ToxR regulates many genes important for V. cholerae pathogenesis, yet our knowledge of the direct regulon controlled by ToxR is limited to just four genes. Here, we determine ToxRâs genome-wide DNA-binding profile and show that ToxR is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands encoding the majority of V. choleraeâs major virulence factors. Our results suggest that ToxR has gained regulatory control over important acquired elements that not only drive V. cholerae pathogenesis but that also define the major transitions of V. cholerae pandemic lineages. We demonstrate that ToxR shares nearly half its regulon with the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein H-NS, and antagonizes H-NS for control of critical colonization functions. This regulatory interaction is the major role of ToxR in V. cholerae colonization since deletion of H-NS abrogates the need of ToxR in V. cholerae host colonization. By comparing the genome-wide binding profiles of ToxR and other critical virulence regulators, we show that despite similar predicted DNA binding requirements, ToxR is unique in its global control of progenitor-encoded and acquired genes. Our results suggest that, like H-NS, factors in addition to linear DNA sequence drive selection of ToxR binding sites. We used ChIP-seq to identify ToxR binding sites across the genome to determine the direct regulon of ToxR
2016-03-23 | E-GEOD-72473 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The transcriptional factor ToxR initiates a virulence regulatory cascade required for V. cholerae to express critical host colonization factors and cause disease. Genome-wide expression studies suggest that ToxR regulates many genes important for V. cholerae pathogenesis, yet our knowledge of the direct regulon controlled by ToxR is limited to just four genes. Here, we determine ToxRâ??s genome-wide DNA-binding profile and show that ToxR is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands encoding the majority of V. choleraeâ??s major virulence factors. Our results suggest that ToxR has gained regulatory control over important acquired elements that not only drive V. cholerae pathogenesis but that also define the major transitions of V. cholerae pandemic lineages. We demonstrate that ToxR shares nearly half its regulon with the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein H-NS, and antagonizes H-NS for control of critical colonization functions. This regulatory interaction is the major role of ToxR in V. cholerae colonization since deletion of H-NS abrogates the need of ToxR in V. cholerae host colonization. By comparing the genome-wide binding profiles of ToxR and other critical virulence regulators, we show that despite similar predicted DNA binding requirements, ToxR is unique in its global control of progenitor-encoded and acquired genes. Our results suggest that, like H-NS, factors in addition to linear DNA sequence drive selection of ToxR binding sites. We used ChIP-seq to identify TcpP binding sites across the genome to determine the direct regulon of TcpP
2016-03-23 | E-GEOD-72472 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The transcriptional factor ToxR initiates a virulence regulatory cascade required for V. cholerae to express critical host colonization factors and cause disease. Genome-wide expression studies suggest that ToxR regulates many genes important for V. cholerae pathogenesis, yet our knowledge of the direct regulon controlled by ToxR is limited to just four genes. Here, we determine ToxR’s genome-wide DNA-binding profile and show that ToxR is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands encoding the majority of V. cholerae’s major virulence factors. Our results suggest that ToxR has gained regulatory control over important acquired elements that not only drive V. cholerae pathogenesis but that also define the major transitions of V. cholerae pandemic lineages. We demonstrate that ToxR shares nearly half its regulon with the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein H-NS, and antagonizes H-NS for control of critical colonization functions. This regulatory interaction is the major role of ToxR in V. cholerae colonization since deletion of H-NS abrogates the need of ToxR in V. cholerae host colonization. By comparing the genome-wide binding profiles of ToxR and other critical virulence regulators, we show that despite similar predicted DNA binding requirements, ToxR is unique in its global control of progenitor-encoded and acquired genes. Our results suggest that, like H-NS, factors in addition to linear DNA sequence drive selection of ToxR binding sites.
2016-03-23 | GSE72473 | GEO
Project description:The transcriptional factor ToxR initiates a virulence regulatory cascade required for V. cholerae to express critical host colonization factors and cause disease. Genome-wide expression studies suggest that ToxR regulates many genes important for V. cholerae pathogenesis, yet our knowledge of the direct regulon controlled by ToxR is limited to just four genes. Here, we determine ToxR’s genome-wide DNA-binding profile and show that ToxR is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands encoding the majority of V. cholerae’s major virulence factors. Our results suggest that ToxR has gained regulatory control over important acquired elements that not only drive V. cholerae pathogenesis but that also define the major transitions of V. cholerae pandemic lineages. We demonstrate that ToxR shares nearly half its regulon with the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein H-NS, and antagonizes H-NS for control of critical colonization functions. This regulatory interaction is the major role of ToxR in V. cholerae colonization since deletion of H-NS abrogates the need of ToxR in V. cholerae host colonization. By comparing the genome-wide binding profiles of ToxR and other critical virulence regulators, we show that despite similar predicted DNA binding requirements, ToxR is unique in its global control of progenitor-encoded and acquired genes. Our results suggest that, like H-NS, factors in addition to linear DNA sequence drive selection of ToxR binding sites.
2016-03-23 | GSE72472 | GEO