Project description:Influenza virus infection leads to global cardiac proteome remodeling during convalescence MTD project_description "Influenza virus infections lead to more than 500,000 hospitalizations in the U.S. every year. Patients with cardiovascular diseases have been shown to be at high risk of influenza mediated cardiac complications. Importantly, recent reports have provided clinical data supporting a direct link between laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection and adverse cardiac events. However, the molecular mechanisms of how influenza virus infection induces detrimental cardiac changes, even after resolution of the pulmonary infection, is completely unknown.
Project description:Influenza virus infection leads to global cardiac proteome remodeling during convalescence MTD project_description "Influenza virus infections lead to more than 500,000 hospitalizations in the U.S. every year. Patients with cardiovascular diseases have been shown to be at high risk of influenza mediated cardiac complications. Importantly, recent reports have provided clinical data supporting a direct link between laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection and adverse cardiac events. However, the molecular mechanisms of how influenza virus infection induces detrimental cardiac changes, even after resolution of the pulmonary infection, is completely unknown. We performed global quantitative proteomics as well as phosphoproteomics in this study.
Project description:Influenza virus infection leads to global cardiac proteome remodeling during convalescence MTD project_description "Influenza virus infections lead to more than 500,000 hospitalizations in the U.S. every year. Patients with cardiovascular diseases have been shown to be at high risk of influenza mediated cardiac complications. Importantly, recent reports have provided clinical data supporting a direct link between laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection and adverse cardiac events. However, the molecular mechanisms of how influenza virus infection induces detrimental cardiac changes, even after resolution of the pulmonary infection, is completely unknown. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is a pseudokinas that mediates necroptosis. We performed global quantitative proteomics as well as phosphoproteomics to understand its role in the heart in response to inflenza virus infection in this study.
Project description:While a common symptom of influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is fever, its physiological role on host resistance to viral infection remains less clear. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of mice to the high ambient temperature of 36 °C increase host resistance to viral pathogens including influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). High heat-exposed mice increase basal body temperature over 38 °C to enable more bile acids production in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The gut microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid (DCA) and its plasma membrane-bound receptor Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signaling increase host resistance to influenza virus infection by suppressing virus replication and neutrophil-dependent tissue damage. Furthermore, the DCA and its nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist protect Syrian hamster from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that certain bile acids are reduced in the plasma of COVID-19 patients who developed moderate I/II disease compared with minor illness group. These findings uncover an unexpected mechanism by which virus-induced high fever increases host resistance to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
Project description:While a common symptom of influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is fever, its physiological role on host resistance to viral infection remains less clear. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of mice to the high ambient temperature of 36 °C increase host resistance to viral pathogens including influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). High heat-exposed mice increase basal body temperature over 38 °C to enable more bile acids production in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The gut microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid (DCA) and its plasma membrane-bound receptor Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signaling increase host resistance to influenza virus infection by suppressing virus replication and neutrophil-dependent tissue damage. Furthermore, the DCA and its nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist protect Syrian hamster from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that certain bile acids are reduced in the plasma of COVID-19 patients who developed moderate I/II disease compared with minor illness group. These findings uncover an unexpected mechanism by which virus-induced high fever increases host resistance to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
Project description:Non-human primates are the animals closest to humans for use in influenza A virus challenge studies, in terms of their phylogenetic relatedness, physiology and immune systems. Previous studies have shown that cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are permissive for infection with H1N1pdm influenza virus. These studies have typically used combined challenge routes, with the majority being intra-tracheal delivery, and high doses of virus (> 107 infectious units). This paper describes the outcome of novel challenge routes (inhaled aerosol, intra-nasal instillation) and low to moderate doses (103 to 106 plaque forming units) of H1N1pdm virus in cynomolgus macaques. All 4 challenge groups showed sero-conversion and evidence of virus replication, although the disease was sub-clinical. Intra-nasal challenge led to an infection confined to the nasal cavity. A low dose (103 plaque forming units) did not lead to detectable infectious virus shedding, but a 1000-fold higher dose led to virus shedding in all intra-nasal challenged animals. In contrast, aerosol and intra-tracheal challenge routes led to infections throughout the respiratory tract, although shedding from the nasal cavity was less reproducible between animals compared to the high-dose intra-nasal challenge group. Intra-tracheal and aerosol challenges induced a transient lymphopaenia, similar to that observed in influenza-infected humans, and greater virus-specific cellular immune responses in the blood were observed in these groups in comparison to the intra-nasal challenge groups. Activation of lung macrophages and innate immune response genes were detected at days 5 to 7 post-challenge. The kinetics of infection, both virological and immunological, were broadly in line with human influenza A virus infections. These more authentic infection models should be valuable in the determination of anti-influenza efficacy of novel entities against less severe (and thus more common) influenza infections.
Project description:Seasonal epidemics of influenza A virus in the human population are a major cause of severe illness and are of high socio-economic relevance. For the design of effective anti-viral therapies, a detailed knowledge of cellular pathways perturbed by virus infection is critical. We performed comprehensive expression and organellar proteomics experiments using A549, Calu-1 and NCI-H1299 cells to identify new protein targets and cellular pathways affected by influenza A virus.