Homo sapiens
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA299156 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR13632937.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13632938.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13632939.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13632940.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR2724030.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Similar Datasets
Project description:NAD+ Analog-sensitive PARPs Reveal a Role for PARP-1 in Transcription Elongation
| PRJNA299154 | ENA
Project description:To identify the ADPRylated substrates that underlie PARP-7-mediated ovarian cancer cell phenotypes, we developed an NAD+ analog-sensitive approach for PARP-7 comprising a PARP-7 NAD+ binding pocket mutant (S563G) paired with the NAD+ analog 8-Bu(3-yne)T-NAD+. When coupled with mass spectrometry, this approach allowed us to identify the PARP-7 ADP-ribosylated proteome in ovarian cancer cells, including components of the cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization machinery. Specifically, we found that PARP-7 monoADPRylates alpha-tubulin to promote microtubule instability, which may play a key role in the regulating ovarian cancer cell growth and motility. Collectively, our results point to an extensive PARP-7 ADP-ribosylated proteome with important roles in cancer-related cellular phenotypes.
2020-12-17 | MSV000086611 | MassIVE
Project description:ADP-ribosylation (ADPRylation) is a regulatory posttranslational modification of proteins that results in the covalent attachment of ADP-ribose (ADPR) moieties on target proteins. PARP-7 (TiPARP) is a monoADPR transferase whose proteins substrates and biological activities are poorly understood. Here, we describe a chemical genetics approach that has allowed us to identify substrates of PARP-7 and explore their biological functions. We observed reduced levels of PARP7 mRNA in ovarian cancer patient samples versus normal tissue, but found nonetheless that PARP-7 is required for a number of cancer-related biological endpoints in ovarian cancer cells, including growth, migration, and invasion. Global gene expression and gene ontology analyses in ovarian cancer cells subjected to siRNA-mediated knockdown of PARP7 revealed an enrichment of genes encoding proteins with roles in cell-cell adhesion, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and gene regulation. To identify the ADPRylated substrates that underlie PARP-7-mediated ovarian cancer cell phenotypes, we developed an NAD+ analog-sensitive approach for PARP-7 comprising a PARP-7 NAD+ binding pocket mutant (S563G) paired with the NAD+ analog 8-Bu(3-yne)T-NAD+. When coupled with mass spectrometry, this approach allowed us to identify the PARP-7 ADP-ribosylated proteome in ovarian cancer cells, including components of the cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization machinery. Specifically, we found that PARP-7 monoADPRylates α-tubulin to promote microtubule instability, which may play a key role in the regulating ovarian cancer cell growth and motility. Collectively, our results point to an extensive PARP-7 ADP-ribosylated proteome with important roles in cancer-related cellular phenotypes.
2021-02-04 | GSE153395 | GEO
Project description:The PARP family of proteins comprises 17 members, about two thirds of which are active mono- or poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase enzymes that transfer the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ onto target proteins. In many cases, ADP-ribosylation, which plays critical roles in human diseases (e.g., cancer, heart disease, and neuropathies) is associated with abrogation of the molecular functions of the target. Discerning ADP-ribosylation events mediated by a specific PARP is challenging, since all PARPs use the same substrate (i.e., NAD+) and the available inhibitors lack the specificity needed to make such conclusions. In order to identify the direct and specific targets of individual PARP family members, we have developed a chemical and genetic approach known as analog sensitivity, in which alteration of a single conserved amino acid in the active site of the PARP protein creates a pocket that allows use of an unnatural NAD+ analog containing a steric moiety. We have functionalized the steric moiety with alkyne for use in click chemistry reactions. This approach, which is transferable to other PARP family members, creates substrate specificity where none previously existed, allowing PARP-specific post-translational modification followed by target visualization, or isolation of ADP-ribosylated targets using click chemistry techniques. We have used this technology in conjunction with mass spectrometry to identify hundreds of targets both unique to, as well as shared among, the nuclear PARP proteins, PARP-1, PARP-2, and PARP-3. We have also determined the genome-wide distribution of PARP-1-specific ADP-ribosylation by coupling this analog-sensitive PARP approach with chromatin cross-linking in method that we call “Click-ChIP-seq”. We observed that PARP-1-specific ADP-ribosylation is enriched at transcriptionally active promoters in proximity to sites of PARP-1 enrichment. In addition, we observed that NELF, an important regulator of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) pausing, is not only a target of ADP-ribosylation by PARP-1 but also spatially correlated with chromatin-associated ADP-ribose and PARP-1 in Click-ChIP-seq and ChIP-seq assays, respectively. Given these observations, we hypothesized that ADP-ribosylation might modulate NELF function and result altered Pol II pausing. We have explored this possibility using global run-on coupled with deep sequencing (GRO-seq) in MCF-7 cells in which PARP-1 was depleted by RNAi-mediated knockdown. PARP-1 depletion caused an increase in Pol II pausing genome-wide. Taken together, these results suggest the intriguing possibility that ADP-ribosylation of NELF by PARP-1 may be an important and heretofore unknown step in the release of Pol II into productive elongation.
2016-06-09 | GSE74142 | GEO
Project description:The PARP family of proteins comprises 17 members, about two thirds of which are active mono- or poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase enzymes that transfer the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ onto target proteins. In many cases, ADP-ribosylation, which plays critical roles in human diseases (e.g., cancer, heart disease, and neuropathies) is associated with abrogation of the molecular functions of the target. Discerning ADP-ribosylation events mediated by a specific PARP is challenging, since all PARPs use the same substrate (i.e., NAD+) and the available inhibitors lack the specificity needed to make such conclusions. In order to identify the direct and specific targets of individual PARP family members, we have developed a chemical and genetic approach known as analog sensitivity, in which alteration of a single conserved amino acid in the active site of the PARP protein creates a pocket that allows use of an unnatural NAD+ analog containing a steric moiety. We have functionalized the steric moiety with alkyne for use in click chemistry reactions. This approach, which is transferable to other PARP family members, creates substrate specificity where none previously existed, allowing PARP-specific post-translational modification followed by target visualization, or isolation of ADP-ribosylated targets using click chemistry techniques. We have used this technology in conjunction with mass spectrometry to identify hundreds of targets both unique to, as well as shared among, the nuclear PARP proteins, PARP-1, PARP-2, and PARP-3. We have also determined the genome-wide distribution of PARP-1-specific ADP-ribosylation by coupling this analog-sensitive PARP approach with chromatin cross-linking in method that we call “Click-ChIP-seq”. We observed that PARP-1-specific ADP-ribosylation is enriched at transcriptionally active promoters in proximity to sites of PARP-1 enrichment. In addition, we observed that NELF, an important regulator of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) pausing, is not only a target of ADP-ribosylation by PARP-1 but also spatially correlated with chromatin-associated ADP-ribose and PARP-1 in Click-ChIP-seq and ChIP-seq assays, respectively. Given these observations, we hypothesized that ADP-ribosylation might modulate NELF function and result altered Pol II pausing. We have explored this possibility using global run-on coupled with deep sequencing (GRO-seq) in MCF-7 cells in which PARP-1 was depleted by RNAi-mediated knockdown. PARP-1 depletion caused an increase in Pol II pausing genome-wide. Taken together, these results suggest the intriguing possibility that ADP-ribosylation of NELF by PARP-1 may be an important and heretofore unknown step in the release of Pol II into productive elongation.
2016-06-09 | GSE74141 | GEO
Project description:Kynureninase is a member of a large family of catalytically diverse but structurally homologous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes known as the aspartate aminotransferase superfamily or alpha-family. The Homo sapiens and other eukaryotic constitutive kynureninases preferentially catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine to produce 3-hydroxyanthranilate and l-alanine, while l-kynurenine is the substrate of many prokaryotic inducible kynureninases. The human enzyme was cloned with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag, expressed, and purified from a bacterial expression system using Ni metal ion affinity chromatography. Kinetic characterization of the recombinant enzyme reveals classic Michaelis-Menten behavior, with a Km of 28.3 +/- 1.9 microM and a specific activity of 1.75 micromol min-1 mg-1 for 3-hydroxy-dl-kynurenine. Crystals of recombinant kynureninase that diffracted to 2.0 A were obtained, and the atomic structure of the PLP-bound holoenzyme was determined by molecular replacement using the Pseudomonas fluorescens kynureninase structure (PDB entry 1qz9) as the phasing model. A structural superposition with the P. fluorescens kynureninase revealed that these two structures resemble the "open" and "closed" conformations of aspartate aminotransferase. The comparison illustrates the dynamic nature of these proteins' small domains and reveals a role for Arg-434 similar to its role in other AAT alpha-family members. Docking of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine into the human kynureninase active site suggests that Asn-333 and His-102 are involved in substrate binding and molecular discrimination between inducible and constitutive kynureninase substrates.
| S-EPMC2531291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RNA extracted at 240min. Samples are rRNA depleted. Expression measurement of Homo sapiens genes.
2019-07-31 | GSE114179 | GEO
Project description:As the evolution of miRNA genes has been found to be one of the important factors in formation of the modern type of man, we performed a comparative analysis of the evolution of miRNA genes in two archaic hominines, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens denisova, and elucidated the expression of their target mRNAs in bain.A comparative analysis of the genomes of primates, including species in the genus Homo, identified a group of miRNA genes having fixed substitutions with important implications for the evolution of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens denisova. The mRNAs targeted by miRNAs with mutations specific for Homo sapiens denisova exhibited enhanced expression during postnatal brain development in modern humans. By contrast, the expression of mRNAs targeted by miRNAs bearing variations specific for Homo sapiens neanderthalensis was shown to be enhanced in prenatal brain development.Our results highlight the importance of changes in miRNA gene sequences in the course of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis evolution. The genetic alterations of miRNAs regulating the spatiotemporal expression of multiple genes in the prenatal and postnatal brain may contribute to the progressive evolution of brain function, which is consistent with the observations of fine technical and typological properties of tools and decorative items reported from archaeological Denisovan sites. The data also suggest that differential spatial-temporal regulation of gene products promoted by the subspecies-specific mutations in the miRNA genes might have occurred in the brains of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, potentially contributing to the cultural differences between these two archaic hominines.
| S-EPMC4686780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeWe investigated the evidence of recent positive selection in the human phototransduction system at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and gene level.MethodsSNP genotyping data from the International HapMap Project for European, Eastern Asian, and African populations was used to discover differences in haplotype length and allele frequency between these populations. Numeric selection metrics were computed for each SNP and aggregated into gene-level metrics to measure evidence of recent positive selection. The level of recent positive selection in phototransduction genes was evaluated and compared to a set of genes shown previously to be under recent selection, and a set of highly conserved genes as positive and negative controls, respectively.ResultsSix of 20 phototransduction genes evaluated had gene-level selection metrics above the 90th percentile: RGS9, GNB1, RHO, PDE6G, GNAT1, and SLC24A1. The selection signal across these genes was found to be of similar magnitude to the positive control genes and much greater than the negative control genes.ConclusionsThere is evidence for selective pressure in the genes involved in retinal phototransduction, and traces of this selective pressure can be demonstrated using SNP-level and gene-level metrics of allelic variation. We hypothesize that the selective pressure on these genes was related to their role in low light vision and retinal adaptation to ambient light changes. Uncovering the underlying genetics of evolutionary adaptations in phototransduction not only allows greater understanding of vision and visual diseases, but also the development of patient-specific diagnostic and intervention strategies.
| S-EPMC3743458 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that catalyse the transfer of ADP-ribose units from NAD+ to several target proteins involved in cellular stress responses. Using the cell line WRL68, we have previously shown that the activation of PARP-1 induced by oxidative stress after H2O2 treatment lead to depletion of cellular NAD+ and ATP, which promote cell death. In this work, we used LC-MS/MS based phosphoproteomics to show that the oxidative damage induced by H2O2 treatment modified the phosphorylation of several proteins in WRL68 cells, most of them related to transcription process. Interestingly, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 reduced the phosphorylation of YAP1, a transcriptional coactivator involved in cell survival, in WRL68 cells after H2O2 treatment. Inhibition of PARP-1 increased cell viability after oxidative treatment and diminished the degradation of YAP1; the elimination of YAP1 by gene silencing abrogated the protective effect of PARP-1 inhibition, indicating that YAP1 is important for the survival of WRL68 cells after oxidative damage. In the same way, the supplementation of NAD+, substrate of PARP-1, on WRL68 cells suffering oxidative damage reduced the phosphorylation of YAP1, suggesting that the loss of cellular NAD+ caused by PARP-1 activation after oxidative treatment is responsible for the phosphorylation of YAP1. Finally, PARP-1 silencing after oxidative treatment diminished the activation of AMPK, a master regulator of cell metabolism implicated in the restoration of energy balance during metabolic stress. Since NAD+ supplementation reduced the phosphorylation of some AMPK substrates in WRL68 cells after oxidative treatment, we hypothesize that the loss of cellular NAD+ after PARP-1 activation may induce a metabolic stress that activates AMPK. In summary, we showed a new crucial role of PARP-1 in the response to oxidative stress in WRL68 cells; PARP-1 activation reduces the cell viability by promoting the phosphorylation and degradation of YAP1, which is mediated by the energy stress caused by PARP-1 activation.
2020-12-18 | PXD019823 | Pride