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High-throughput functional comparison of promoter and enhancer activities

ABSTRACT: High-throughput functional comparison of promoter and enhancer activities

PROVIDER: PRJNA309883 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR3124440.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR3124450.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR3124460.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR3124470.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR3124480.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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High-throughput functional comparison of promoter and enhancer activities

Project description:Promoters initiate RNA synthesis, and enhancers stimulate promoter activity. Whether promoter and enhancer activities are encoded distinctly in DNA sequences is unknown. We measured the enhancer and promoter activities of thousands of DNA fragments transduced into mouse neurons. We focused on genomic loci bound by the neuronal activity-regulated co-activator CREBBP, and we measured enhancer and promoter activities both before and after neuronal activation. We find that the same sequences typically encode both enhancer and promoter activities. However, gene promoters generate more promoter activity than distal enhancers, despite generating similar enhancer activity. Surprisingly, the greater promoter activity of gene promoters is not due to conventional core promoter elements or splicing signals. Instead, we find that particular transcription factor binding motifs are intrinsically biased toward the generation of promoter activity, while others are not. While the specific biases we observe may be dependent on experimental or cellular context, our results suggest that gene promoters are distinguished from distal enhancers by specific complements of transcriptional activators.

2016-05-23 | GSE77213 | GEO

High-throughput functional comparison of promoter and enhancer activities.

Project description:Promoters initiate RNA synthesis, and enhancers stimulate promoter activity. Whether promoter and enhancer activities are encoded distinctly in DNA sequences is unknown. We measured the enhancer and promoter activities of thousands of DNA fragments transduced into mouse neurons. We focused on genomic loci bound by the neuronal activity-regulated coactivator CREBBP, and we measured enhancer and promoter activities both before and after neuronal activation. We find that the same sequences typically encode both enhancer and promoter activities. However, gene promoters generate more promoter activity than distal enhancers, despite generating similar enhancer activity. Surprisingly, the greater promoter activity of gene promoters is not due to conventional core promoter elements or splicing signals. Instead, we find that particular transcription factor binding motifs are intrinsically biased toward the generation of promoter activity, whereas others are not. Although the specific biases we observe may be dependent on experimental or cellular context, our results suggest that gene promoters are distinguished from distal enhancers by specific complements of transcriptional activators.

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NO001: Kdm5c controls promoter and enhancer activities

Project description:The functional organization of eukaryotic genomes correlates with specific patterns of histone methylations. Regulatory regions in genomes like enhancers and promoters differ in their extent of methylation of histone H3 at lysine-4 (H3K4), but it is largely unknown how the different methylation states are specified and controlled. Here, we show that the Kdm5c/Jarid1c/SMCX member of the Kdm5 family of H3K4 demethylases can be recruited to both enhancer and promoter elements in embryonic stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells via gene-specific transcription factors. Knockdown of Kdm5c deregulates transcription via local increases in H3K4me3. Our data show that restricting H3K4me3 modification at core promoters dampens transcription, but Kdm5c is required at enhancers for their full activity. Remarkably, an impaired enhancer function activates the intrinsic promoter activity of Kdm5c-bound distal elements. Our results demonstrate that the Kdm5c demethylase plays a crucial and dynamic role in the functional discrimination between enhancers and core promoters. RNA from four independent cultures from each sh Kdm5c #1, sh Kdm5c #2 and non-targeting shRNA polyclonal cell lines were hybridized in dye-swap against a common reference of RNA from IB10 ES cells.

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