Populus tremula x Populus alba
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA343083 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Plants transition through juvenile and adult phases of vegetative development in a process known as vegetative phase change (VPC). In poplars (genus Populus) the differences between these stages are subtle, making it difficult to determine when this transition occurs. Previous studies of VPC in poplars have relied on plants propagated in vitro, leaving the natural progression of this process unknown. We examined developmental morphology of seed-grown and in vitro derived Populus tremula × alba (clone 717-1B4), and compared the phenotype of these to transgenics with manipulated miR156 expression, the master regulator of VPC. In seed-grown plants, most traits changed from node-to-node during the first 3 months of development but remained constant after node 25. Many traits remained unchanged in clones over-expressing miR156, or were enhanced when miR156 was lowered, demonstrating their natural progression is regulated by the miR156/SPL pathway. The characteristic leaf fluttering of Populus is one of these miR156-regulated traits. Vegetative development in plants grown from culture mirrored that of seed-grown plants, allowing direct comparison between plants often used in research and those found in nature. These results provide a foundation for further research on the role of VPC in the ecology and evolution of this economically important genus.
| S-EPMC8353317 | biostudies-literature
Project description:12plex_poplar_2012-01 - gravitropic stimulation / isotropic light - The experiments were designed to identify genes responding to the gravitropic stimulus in the xylem of poplar stem independently of phototropic responses. - young poplar trees were staked one week before use. For the experiment, the plants were placed in an isotropic light environment and were tited at 35° during 30 min. Control plants were kept straight in the isotropic light device. Xylem samples were collected from the upper and lower face of the stems. 4 biological replicates were made (4 controls and 4 tilted plants). RNA was extracted from each xylem sample. cDNA was synthetized. The discovery of genes whose expression is modulated by tilting was performed by a microarray approach.
2016-10-01 | GSE86951 | GEO
Project description:Poplar 84K (Populus alba x P. tremula var. glandulosa) is a fast-growing poplar hybrid. Originated in South Korea, this hybrid has been extensively cultivated in northern China. Due to the economic and ecological importance of this hybrid and high transformability, we now report the de novo sequencing and assembly of a male individual of poplar 84K using PacBio and Hi-C technologies. The final reference nuclear genome (747.5?Mb) has a contig N50 size of 1.99?Mb and a scaffold N50 size of 19.6?Mb. Complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were also assembled from the sequencing data. Based on similarities to the genomes of P. alba var. pyramidalis and P. tremula, we were able to identify two subgenomes, representing 356?Mb from P. alba (subgenome A) and 354?Mb from P. tremula var. glandulosa (subgenome G). The phased assembly allowed us to detect the transcriptional bias between the two subgenomes, and we found that the subgenome from P. tremula displayed dominant expression in both 84K and another widely used hybrid, P. tremula x P. alba. This high-quality poplar 84K genome will be a valuable resource for poplar breeding and for molecular biology studies.
| S-EPMC6796506 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transcriptome profiling of the basal region of poplar stems during the early gravitropic response
| PRJNA196854 | ENA
Project description:Here we applied a novel approach to isolate nuclei from complex plant tissues (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251149), to dissect the transcriptome profiling of the hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba) vegetative shoot apex at single-cell resolution.
2022-10-04 | GSE190649 | GEO
Project description:A foundational study assessed effects of biochemical pathway introduction into poplar to produce eugenol, chavicol, p-anol, isoeugenol and their sequestered storage products, from potentially available substrates, coniferyl and p-coumaryl alcohols. At the onset, it was unknown whether significant carbon flux to monolignols vs. other phenylpropanoid (acetate) pathway metabolites would be kinetically favoured. Various transgenic poplar lines generated eugenol and chavicol glucosides in ca. 0.45% (~0.35 and ~0.1%, respectively) of dry weight foliage tissue in field trials, as well as their corresponding aglycones in trace amounts. There were only traces of any of these metabolites in branch tissues, even after ~4-year field trials. Levels of bioproduct accumulation in foliage plateaued, even at the lowest introduced gene expression levels, suggesting limited monolignol substrate availability. Nevertheless, this level still allows foliage collection for platform chemical production, with the remaining (stem) biomass available for wood, pulp/paper and bioenergy product purposes. Several transformed lines displayed unexpected precocious flowering after 4-year field trial growth. This necessitated terminating (felling) these particular plants, as USDA APHIS prohibits the possibility of their interacting (cross-pollination, etc.) with wild-type (native plant) lines. In future, additional biotechnological approaches can be employed (e.g. gene editing) to produce sterile plant lines, to avoid such complications. While increased gene expression did not increase target bioproduct accumulation, the exciting possibility now exists of significantly increasing their amounts (e.g. 10- to 40-fold plus) in foliage and stems via systematic deployment of numerous 'omics', systems biology, synthetic biology and metabolic flux modelling approaches.
| S-EPMC5506655 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To obtain genes expression in different parts of 84k poplar stems, transcriptome sequencing was performed using Illumina Novaseq 6000 second-generation sequencing platform from Shanghai BIOZERON Co. Ltd (www.biozeron.com). Selecte three stem segments of plants REPEAT 1, 2 and 3 with good and similar growth to use: 2nd-3rd internodes (poplar stem top: PST1, PST2, PST3); 9th-10th internodes (poplar stem middle: PSM1, PSM2, PSM3); 14th-15th internodes (poplar stem bottom: PSB1, PSB2, PSB3). [Or the three repeating organisms are also called poplar A, B, C. From top to bottom, the three parts of the stem are also called stem 1, 2, 3.]
2021-10-28 | GSE186743 | GEO
Project description:Lignin impedes access to cellulose during biofuel production and pulping but trees can be genetically modified to improve processing efficiency. Modification of lignin may have nontarget effects on mechanical and chemical resistance and subsequent arthropod community responses with respect to pest susceptibility and arthropod biodiversity. We quantified foliar mechanical and chemical resistance traits in lignin-modified and wild-type (WT) poplar (Populus alba × Populus tremula) grown in a plantation and censused arthropods present on these trees to determine total abundance, as well as species richness, diversity and community composition. Our results indicate that mechanical resistance was not affected by lignin modification and only one genetic construct resulted in a (modest) change in chemical resistance. Arthropod abundance and community composition were consistent across modified and WT trees, but transgenics produced using one construct exhibited higher species richness and diversity relative to the WT. Our findings indicate that modification of lignin in poplar does not negatively affect herbivore resistance traits or arthropod community response, and may even result in a source of increased genetic diversity in trees and arthropod communities.
| S-EPMC5538326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wood formation in trees is a dynamic process that is strongly affected by environmental factors. However, the impact of ozone on wood is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of ozone on wood formation by focusing on the two major wood components, cellulose and lignin, and analysing any anatomical modifications. Young hybrid poplars (Populus tremula × alba) were cultivated under different ozone concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 300 l l(-1)). As upright poplars usually develop tension wood in a non-set pattern, the trees were bent in order to induce tension wood formation on the upper side of the stem and normal or opposite wood on the lower side. Biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin (enzymes and RNA levels), together with cambial growth, decreased in response to ozone exposure. The cellulose to lignin ratio was reduced, suggesting that cellulose biosynthesis was more affected than that of lignin. Tension wood was generally more altered than opposite wood, especially at the anatomical level. Tension wood may be more susceptible to reduced carbon allocation to the stems under ozone exposure. These results suggested a coordinated regulation of cellulose and lignin deposition to sustain mechanical strength under ozone. The modifications of the cellulose to lignin ratio and wood anatomy could allow the tree to maintain radial growth while minimizing carbon cost.
| S-EPMC3130179 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Trees will have to cope with increasing levels of CO(2) and ozone in the atmosphere. The purpose of this work was to assess whether the lignification process could be altered in the wood of poplars under elevated CO(2) and/or ozone. Young poplars were exposed either to charcoal-filtered air (control), to elevated CO(2) (800 ?l l(-1)), to ozone (200 nl l(-1)) or to a combination of elevated CO(2) and ozone in controlled chambers. Lignification was analysed at different levels: biosynthesis pathway activities (enzyme and transcript), lignin content, and capacity to incorporate new assimilates by using (13)C labelling. Elevated CO(2) and ozone had opposite effects on many parameters (growth, biomass, cambial activity, wood cell wall thickness) except on lignin content which was increased by elevated CO(2) and/or ozone. However, this increased lignification was due to different response mechanisms. Under elevated CO(2), carbon supply to the stem and effective lignin synthesis were enhanced, leading to increased lignin content, although there was a reduction in the level of some enzyme and transcript involved in the lignin pathway. Ozone treatment induced a reduction in carbon supply and effective lignin synthesis as well as transcripts from all steps of the lignin pathway and some corresponding enzyme activities. However, lignin content was increased under ozone probably due to variations in other major components of the cell wall. Both mechanisms seemed to coexist under combined treatment and resulted in a high increase in lignin content.
| S-EPMC3398455 | biostudies-literature