Project description:Exposure to indoor air pollution generated from the combustion of solid fuels is a major risk factor for a spectrum of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including lung cancer. In Chinaâs rural counties of Xuanwei and Fuyuan, lung cancer rates are among the highest in the country. While the elevated disease risk in this population has been linked to the widespread usage of bituminous (smoky) coal as compared to anthracite (smokeless) coal, the underlying physiologic mechanism that smoky coal induces in comparison to other fuel types is unclear. As we have previously used airway gene-expression profiling to gain molecular insights into the physiologic effects of cigarette smoke, here we profiled the buccal epithelium of residents exposed to the burning of smoky and smokeless coal in order to understand the physiologic effects of solid fuels. Buccal mucosa scrapings were collected from healthy, non-smoking female residents of Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties who burn coal indoors. RNA was isolated and hybridized onto Affymetrix Human gene 1.0 ST GeneChips, capturing the gene-expression response of (n=26) smoky coal users and (n=9) smokeless coal users. 24-hour indoor personal exposure levels (PM2.5, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) were also captured during this sampling period.
Project description:Coal is a major energy source that generates diverse environmental impacts through its production, primarily by the release of coal dust particles. An aqueous coal dust extract was obtained from a mineral sample taken from one of the largest coal mines in Colombia (La Loma, Cesar), trace elements by ICP/MS were measured, and its toxicity evaluated using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) vertebrate model. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of aqueous coal extract (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 parts per million (ppm; μg/mL) to establish acute toxicity, as well as morphological and transcriptome alterations. Trace elements within the coal extract yielding the highest concentrations included Sr, Zn, Ba, As, Cu, Se, Li, Ni, Sb, Rb, Co, and Cr. In addition, Cd and Pb were found in lower concentrations. No significant difference in mortality was observed with survival near 90% in all treatments. A significant decrease in rate of hatching was observed in the 0.1 and 1000 ppm treatment groups at 72 hpf. Furthermore, no significant differences in total body length, head length, or head diameter was observed in any of the treatment groups. Transcriptomic results of zebrafish larvae revealed alterations in 77, 61, and 1,376 genes in the 1, 10, and 100 ppm treatments, respectively. Gene ontology analysis revealed gene alterations associated with hematological system development and function, tissue morphology and development, connective tissue development and function, and embryonic development. Overall, these findings are the first to identify gene expression alterations in response to a developmental aqueous coal dust residue from coal mining.
Project description:We investigated an in vitro experimental exposure model of the MutaMouse flat epithelial (FE1) cells exposed to a complex mixture of carcinogenic PAHs known as coal tar (SRM 1597a) using an Agilent 22k, oligo mouse array platform. Keywords: Toxicology, biomarkers discovery, stress response, complex mixture of carcinogens, PAHs The FE1 cells were exposed to two different sub-toxic concentrations of coal tar (SRM 1597a): 1 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml in a serum free media. After 6h exposure, the cells were washed twice with PBS and re-incubated in fresh media without coal tar. After 4h and 8h incubation, the media were collected for proteomic experiment and the cells were collected from the petri dishes for RNA extraction.
Project description:Exposure to indoor air pollution generated from the combustion of solid fuels is a major risk factor for a spectrum of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including lung cancer. In China’s rural counties of Xuanwei and Fuyuan, lung cancer rates are among the highest in the country. While the elevated disease risk in this population has been linked to the widespread usage of bituminous (smoky) coal as compared to anthracite (smokeless) coal, the underlying physiologic mechanism that smoky coal induces in comparison to other fuel types is unclear. As we have previously used airway gene-expression profiling to gain molecular insights into the physiologic effects of cigarette smoke, here we profiled the buccal epithelium of residents exposed to the burning of smoky and smokeless coal in order to understand the physiologic effects of solid fuels.
Project description:We report the transcriptional changes associated with toxic effects of methanolic coal dust extract on normal zebrafish development. Early exposure of wild type embryos at 4 hpf to coal dust extract led to 3 groups of malformed phenotypes - tail deformity (P1), deformed yolk (P2) and smaller embryos with extruded yolks (P3). RNAseq of each phenotypic group revealed changes in genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, intermediate filament composition, oxidation-reduction processes, calcium ion binding, focal adhesion and the ECM-receptor interaction pathway.
Project description:Coal tar pitch (CTP) is a byproduct of cooking process which is used in making coatings, corrosion protection materials, and electrode. and it has been verified that Coal tar pitch extract (CTPE) constitutes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (87.91%) and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds and alkenes (the remaining total is 12.09%) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In this study, we determine the lncRNA expression profile in CTPE group and control group. The key lncRNAs were screen out by using microarray analysis in defferent group.
Project description:This study investigates the transcriptomic responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S96 normal and petite cells to 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM), a coal cleaning chemical spilled in the water supply of central West Virginia in 2014.
Project description:Coal tar pitch (CTP) is a byproduct of cooking process which is used in making coatings, corrosion protection materials, and electrode. and it has been verified that Coal tar pitch extract (CTPE) constitutes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (87.91%) and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds and alkenes (the remaining total is 12.09%) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In this study, we determine the lncRNA expression profile in CTPE group and control group. The key lncRNAs were screen out by using microarray analysis in defferent group. The experiment is divided into two groups: 22RV1 cells as control group, 22RV1 cells induced with Robustanoids A. then perform lncRNAs chips by Arraystar Human lncRNAs chip (Arraystar).
Project description:We investigated an in vitro experimental exposure model of the MutaMouse flat epithelial (FE1) cells exposed to a complex mixture of carcinogenic PAHs known as coal tar (SRM 1597a) using an Agilent 22k, oligo mouse array platform. Keywords: Toxicology, biomarkers discovery, stress response, complex mixture of carcinogens, PAHs