Project description:Salt stress, especially saline-alkali stress, has seriously negative effect on citrus production. Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb.) (Cj) has been reported as a saline-alkali stress and iron deficiency tolerant citrus rootstock. However, the molecular mechanism of its saline-alkali stress tolerance is still not clear. Two citrus rootstocks and one navel orange scion, Cj, Poncirus trifoliate (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) (Pt) and ‘Lane Late’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) (LL), were used in this study. The grafted materials Cj+LL and Pt+LL grown in calcareous soil were used to identify genes and pathways responsive to saline-alkali stress using RNA-seq. The seedlings of Cj and Pt grown in the solutions with different gradient pH value were used to perform a supplement experiment. Comprehensively analyzing the data of RNA-seq, physiology and biochemistry, agronomic traits and mineral elements of Cj+LL, Pt+LL, Cj and Pt, several candidate pathways and genes were identified to be highly regulated under saline-alkali stress. Here, we propose citrate is important for the tolerance to iron deficiency and the jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway may play a crucial role in tolerance to saline-alkali stress in citrus by interacting with other plant hormones, calcium signaling, ROS scavenging system and lignin biosynthesis.
Project description:To investigate possible genetic basis of alkali tolerance in rice, we generated an introgressed rice line (K83) with significantly enhanced tolerance to alkali stress than its recipient parental cultivar (Jijing88). By using microarray analysis, we examined global gene expression profiles in K83 and Jijing88, found more than 1,200 genes were constitutively differentially expressed in K83 compared with Jijing88, with 572 up- and 654 down-regulated. Upon alkali treatment, a total of 347 genes in K83 were found up- and 156 down-regulated in K83, compared with 591 and 187 respectively in Jijing88. Seven-day-old uniform-sized seedlings grown in hydroponic medium were transferred to fresh hydroponic medium alone or containing 50 mM alkali salts. Shoots were harvested 24 h after transfer and 10 shoots were pooled for microarray analysis.
Project description:Purpose:Salinity is an important environmental factor that affects the physiological activities of fish. The goals of this study are investigating the effect of different saline-alkali stress on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Methods: Grass carp individuals, averaging 12 cm in body length, were obtained from Duofu fish farm (Wuhan, China) and cultured at recirculating aquaculture system for 2 weeks before the experiment began. For the challenge, all grass carp were randomly divided into three groups, and then cultured at saline-alkali water with the concentration of 0, 3‰ and 6‰. After 30 days, some grass crap cultured at 3‰ and 6‰ saline-alkali water were injured. At the same time, gill samples of grass carp were collected from 0, 3‰ (grass carp was not injured), 3‰ (grass carp was injured), 6‰ (grass carp was not injured) and 6‰ (grass carp was injured)saline-alkali groups. Total RNA of all samples was isolated using TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's introduction. RNA integrity was assessed using an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer (Agilent, USA). Samples with RNA integrity numbers (RINs) ≥ 7.5 were subjected to cDNA library construction using TruseqTM RNA sample prep Kit (Illumina). Results:A total of 15 were processed for transcriptome sequencing, generating 94.99Gb Clean Data. At least 5.76Gb clean data were generated for each sample with minimum 91.87% of clean data achieved quality score of Q30. Clean reads of each sample were mapped to specified reference genome. Mapping ratio ranged from 88.59% to 92.84%. The expression of genes was quantified and differentially expressed genes were identified based on their expression.Criteria for differentially expressed genes was set as Fold Change(FC)≥1.5 and Pvalue<0.05. Fold change(FC) refers to the ratio of gene expression in two samples. These DEGs were further processed for functional annotation and enrichment analysis. Conclusions: Our study represents Effects and molecular regulation mechanisms of saline-alkali stress on the healthy grass carp by using RNA-seqtechnology. Our results show that saline-alkali stress will impair the immune system of grass carp.
Project description:To investigate possible genetic basis of alkali tolerance in rice, we generated an introgressed rice line (K83) with significantly enhanced tolerance to alkali stress than its recipient parental cultivar (Jijing88). By using microarray analysis, we examined global gene expression profiles in K83 and Jijing88, found more than 1,200 genes were constitutively differentially expressed in K83 compared with Jijing88, with 572 up- and 654 down-regulated. Upon alkali treatment, a total of 347 genes in K83 were found up- and 156 down-regulated in K83, compared with 591 and 187 respectively in Jijing88.
Project description:BACKGROUND: Social insects, such as honey bees, use molecular, physiological and behavioral responses to combat pathogens and parasites. The honey bee genome contains all of the canonical insect immune response pathways, and several studies have demonstrated that pathogens can activate expression of immune effectors. Honey bees also use behavioral responses, termed social immunity, to collectively defend their hives from pathogens and parasites. These responses include hygienic behavior (where workers remove diseased brood) and allo-grooming (where workers remove ectoparasites from nestmates). We have previously demonstrated that immunostimulation causes changes in the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of workers, which results in altered worker-worker social interactions. Thus, cuticular hydrocarbons may enable workers to identify sick nestmates, and adjust their behavior in response. Here, we test the specificity of behavioral, chemical and genomic responses to immunostimulation by challenging workers with a panel of different immune stimulants (saline, Sephadex beads and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli). RESULTS: While only bacteria-injected bees elicited altered behavioral responses from healthy nestmates compared to controls, all treatments resulted in significant changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Immunostimulation caused significant changes in expression of hundreds of genes, the majority of which have not been identified as members of the canonical immune response pathways. Furthermore, several new candidate genes that may play a role in cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis were identified. Finally, we identified common genes regulated by pathogen challenge in honey bees and other insects, suggesting that immune responses are conserved at the molecular level. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that honey bee genomic responses to immunostimulation are substantially broader than expected, and may mediate the behavioral changes associated with social immunity by orchestrating changes in chemical signaling.
Project description:Alkali stress is an important means of inactivating undesirable pathogens in a wide range of situations, ranging from environmental cleaning of food processing environments, to the phagolysosomal killing of cells engulfed by mammalian phagocytes. Unfortunately, L. monocytogenes can launch an alkaline tolerance response (AlTR), significantly increasing persistence of the pathogen in such environments. This study compared the transcriptome patterns of alkali stressed and non alkali stressed L. monocytogenes 10403S cells, to elucidate the mechanisms by which this important pathogen adapts and/or grows during short or long-term alkali stress. Transcription profiles associated with alkali shock (AS) responses were obtained by DNA microarray analysis of mid-exponential cells suspended in pH 9 media for 15, 30 or 60 min. Transcription profiles associated with alkali adaptation (AA) were obtained by DNA microarray analysis of cells grown to mid-exponential phase in pH 9 media . Comparison of AS and AA transcription profiles with profiles from control (pH 7.0) cells identified over 2,000 genes that were differentially expressed under alkaline conditions. Rapid (15min) changes in expression included upregulation of genes encoding for multiple metabolic pathways, (including those associated with Na+/H+ antiporters), ABC transporters of functional compatible solutes such as carnitine, motility and virulence-associated genes as well as the σB controlled stress resistance network. Slower (30min and more) responses to AS and adaptation during growth in alkaline conditions (AA), included modest changes in mRNA concentrations, and genes involved in proton export. Keywords: Time course study of gene expression response to alkaline shock and adaptation
Project description:We present here a transcriptome dataset of millet seedling leaves based on RNA-seq technology. The purpose of this study was to mine the salt and alkali tolerance genes of millet and further explore the mechanism of salt and alkali tolerance of millet. We selected 18 representative samples and conducted in-depth sequencing using the latest sequencing platform to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.