Project description:Profiles of two major acyl-modifications, lysine acetylation and succinylation, under L-glutamate-producting and non-producing conditions in Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is industrially utilized for amino acid fermentation, was analyzed. During glutamate overproduction induced by Tween 40, global lysine acetylation was decreased, while lysine succinylation was increased. A label-free semi-quantitative proteomic analysis identified 591 acetylated proteins with 1,509 unique acetylation sites and 297 succinylated proteins with 790 unique succinylation sites. Lysine acetylation and succinylation targeted most enzymes in the central carbon metabolic pathways that are directly related to glutamate production, including the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHC), a key enzyme for glutamate overproduction.
Project description:Ciprofloxacin, an inhibitor of bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV, was shown to inhibit growth of C. glutamicum with concomitant excretion of L-glutamate. C. glutamicum strains overproducing L-lysine, L-arginine, L-ornithine, and putrescine, respectively, produced L-glutamate instead of the desired amino acid when exposed to ciprofloxacin. Even in the absence of the putative L-glutamate exporter gene yggB, ciprofloxacin effectively triggered L-glutamate production. When C. glutamicum wild type was cultivated under nitrogen-limiting conditions, 2-oxoglutarate rather than L-glutamate was produced as consequence of exposure to ciprofloxacin. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ciprofloxacin increased RNA levels of genes involved in DNA synthesis, repair and modification. Enzyme assays showed that 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity was decreased due to ciprofloxacin addition. Here, it was shown for the first time that production of L-glutamate by C. glutamicum may be triggered by an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and L-glutamate titers of up to 37 ± 1 mM and a substrate specific L-glutamate yield of 0.13 g/g were reached.
Project description:Strains: non-producing refernece strain pXMJ19 (CR099 pXMJ19; Goldbeck et al., 2021) and Pediocin-producer pxMJ19 ped (CR099 pXMJ19 Ptac pedACDCg, Goldbeck et al., 2021) Pediocin-producing and non-producing strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum were compared in a whole genome microarray analysis setup in order to identify potential strain optimization targets
Project description:The influence of different nitrogen sources on transcriptome of Purple non sulfur bacterium R. Capsulatus was investigated by comparing expression profile on 5mM ammonium chloride and 2 mM glutamate. Carbon source was 40mM acetate on both conditions. To study the effect of different acetate concentrations, 40mM and 80mM acetate were used with 2 mM glutamate as nitrogen source.
Project description:Project description: In this study, we have characterized with distinct biochemical assays the activity of a predicted glutamate racemase from an uncultivated bacterium (Candidatus Saccharimonas aalborgenesis), classified taxonomically within the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR). This racemase was produced in a Salmonella auxotrophic mutant defective in its endogenous glutamate racemase. Despite the low identity of the predicated racemase from this uncultivated bacterium compared to that of Salmonella (MurI), ~32.0%, it exhibited high specificity for glutamate as substrate in in vitro racemization assays among the rest of canonical amino acids. Moreover, the expression of this novel racemase complemented the D-Glu auxotrophy of the host bacterium used as chassis (Salmonella). Besides these physiological analyses, the study also characterized the composition and structure of the peptidoglycan produced by bacteria expressing each of the two glutamate racemases, exogenous and endogenous.
Data processing protocol: Three biological replicates of two Salmonella strains expressing either the predicted glutamate racemase from the uncultivated bacterium Candidatus Saccharimonas aalborgenesis (Delta-murI-CPR, R1-R3) or the endogenous glutamate racemase (MurI) (Delta-murI-SAL, R1-R3) were grown in the nutrient rich medium LB to reach the exponential phase. At this time, bacteria were collected by centrifugation, washed and lysed by boiling in a 4% SDS-containing buffer. From this material, peptidoglycan was purified by standard protocol. Briefly, after high-speed centrifugation, the pellet containing peptidoglycan as the only SDS-insoluble material was subjected to successive enzymatic treatments with alpha-amylase, pronase (as protease) and, muramidase to cleave the glycan chains and to yield individual uncross-linked and cross-linked muropeptides. The muropeptide mixtures were analysed by LC-MS/MS to obtain a list of parental masses representing the complexity of the sample, i.e. the diversity of co-existing muropeptide classes. The parental masses were assigned as "muropeptides" when a mass of 204.3, corresponding to the N-acetyl-glucosamine molecule, was detected in the fragmentation spectra. The complete lists of parental masses were examined using FreeStyle (Thermo) software and compared among samples (biological replicas and control-problem pairs) by statistical parameters using XCMS software.
Project description:Background: Methanol is present in most ecosystems and may also occur in industrial applications, e.g. as an impurity of carbon sources such as technical glycerol. Methanol often inhibits growth of bacteria, thus, methanol tolerance may limit fermentative production processes. Results: The methanol tolerance of the amino acid producing soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum was improved by genetic adaption in the presence of methanol. The resulting strain Tol1 exhibited significantly increased growth rates in the presence of up to 1 M methanol. However, neither transcriptional changes nor increased enzyme activities of the linear methanol oxidation pathway were observed, which was in accordance with the finding that tolerance to the downstream metabolites formaldehyde and formate was not improved. Genome sequence analysis of strain Tol1 revealed two point mutations potentially relevant to enhanced methanol tolerance: one leading to the amino acid exchange A165T of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase MetY and the other leading to shortened CoA transferase Cat (Q342*). Introduction of either mutation into the genome of C. glutamicum wild type increased methanol tolerance and introduction of both mutations into C. glutamicum was sufficient to achieve methanol tolerance almost indistinguishable from that of strain Tol1. Conclusion: The methanol tolerance of C. glutamicum can be increased by two point mutations leading to amino acid exchange of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase MetY and shortened CoA transferase Cat. Introduction of these mutations into producer strains may be helpful when using carbon sources containing methanol as component or impurity.
Project description:Background: Methanol is present in most ecosystems and may also occur in industrial applications, e.g. as an impurity of carbon sources such as technical glycerol. Methanol often inhibits growth of bacteria, thus, methanol tolerance may limit fermentative production processes. Results: The methanol tolerance of the amino acid producing soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum was improved by genetic adaption in the presence of methanol. The resulting strain Tol1 exhibited significantly increased growth rates in the presence of up to 1 M methanol. However, neither transcriptional changes nor increased enzyme activities of the linear methanol oxidation pathway were observed, which was in accordance with the finding that tolerance to the downstream metabolites formaldehyde and formate was not improved. Genome sequence analysis of strain Tol1 revealed two point mutations potentially relevant to enhanced methanol tolerance: one leading to the amino acid exchange A165T of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase MetY and the other leading to shortened CoA transferase Cat (Q342*). Introduction of either mutation into the genome of C. glutamicum wild type increased methanol tolerance and introduction of both mutations into C. glutamicum was sufficient to achieve methanol tolerance almost indistinguishable from that of strain Tol1. Conclusion: The methanol tolerance of C. glutamicum can be increased by two point mutations leading to amino acid exchange of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase MetY and shortened CoA transferase Cat. Introduction of these mutations into producer strains may be helpful when using carbon sources containing methanol as component or impurity. The gene expression was analyzed in the methanol tolerant strain Tol1 in comparison to the C. glutamicumWT. Direct comparison in LB complex medium and analysis of expression response to methanol addition in mCGXII minimal medium with 100 mM glucose.