Homo sapiens
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA355381 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR5675980.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5675990.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5676000.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5676010.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5676020.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Neuroblastoma is a tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, derived from multipotent neural crest cells (NCCs). To define Core Regulatory Circuitries (CRCs) controlling the gene expression program of neuroblastoma, we established and analyzed the neuroblastoma super-enhancer landscape. We discovered three types of identity in neuroblastoma cell lines: a sympathetic noradrenergic identity defined by a CRC module including the PHOX2B, HAND2 and GATA3 transcription factors (TFs); an NCC-like identity, driven by a CRC module containing AP-1 family TFs; a mixed type further deconvoluted at the single cell level. Treatment of the mixed type with chemotherapeutic agents resulted in enrichment of NCC-like cells. The noradrenergic module was validated by ChIP-seq. Functional studies demonstrated dependency of neuroblastoma with noradrenergic identity on PHOX2B, evocative of lineage addiction. Most neuroblastoma primary tumors express TFs from the noradrenergic and NCC-like modules. Our data demonstrate a novel aspect of tumor heterogeneity relevant for neuroblastoma treatment strategies.
2017-07-01 | GSE90683 | GEO
Project description:Two cell identities, noradrenergic and mesenchymal, have been characterized in neuroblastoma cell lines according to their epigenetic landscapes relying on specific circuitries of transcription factors. Yet, their relationship and relative contribution in patient tumors remain poorly defined. Our results now document spontaneous plasticity in several neuroblastoma models between noradrenergic and mesenchymal tumor states and show that this plasticity is reversible and relies on epigenetic reprogramming. We demonstrate that an in vivo microenvironment provides a powerful pressure towards a noradrenergic identity for these models. Interestingly, single-cell RNA-seq analyses of 18 tumor biopsies and 15 PDX models revealed that tumor cells systematically exhibit a noradrenergic identity. Yet, our data highlight a population of noradrenergic tumor cells with mesenchymal features, demonstrating that the plasticity described in cellular models between both identities is relevant in neuroblastoma patients. Our work also emphasizes that both external cues of the environment and intrinsic factors influence plasticity and cell identity in neuroblastoma.
2023-03-27 | GSE154907 | GEO
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Project description:Transcriptional profiling of human mesenchymal stem cells comparing normoxic MSCs cells with hypoxic MSCs cells. Hypoxia may inhibit senescence of MSCs during expansion. Goal was to determine the effects of hypoxia on global MSCs gene expression.
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Project description:Kynureninase is a member of a large family of catalytically diverse but structurally homologous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes known as the aspartate aminotransferase superfamily or alpha-family. The Homo sapiens and other eukaryotic constitutive kynureninases preferentially catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine to produce 3-hydroxyanthranilate and l-alanine, while l-kynurenine is the substrate of many prokaryotic inducible kynureninases. The human enzyme was cloned with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag, expressed, and purified from a bacterial expression system using Ni metal ion affinity chromatography. Kinetic characterization of the recombinant enzyme reveals classic Michaelis-Menten behavior, with a Km of 28.3 +/- 1.9 microM and a specific activity of 1.75 micromol min-1 mg-1 for 3-hydroxy-dl-kynurenine. Crystals of recombinant kynureninase that diffracted to 2.0 A were obtained, and the atomic structure of the PLP-bound holoenzyme was determined by molecular replacement using the Pseudomonas fluorescens kynureninase structure (PDB entry 1qz9) as the phasing model. A structural superposition with the P. fluorescens kynureninase revealed that these two structures resemble the "open" and "closed" conformations of aspartate aminotransferase. The comparison illustrates the dynamic nature of these proteins' small domains and reveals a role for Arg-434 similar to its role in other AAT alpha-family members. Docking of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine into the human kynureninase active site suggests that Asn-333 and His-102 are involved in substrate binding and molecular discrimination between inducible and constitutive kynureninase substrates.
| S-EPMC2531291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RNA extracted at 240min. Samples are rRNA depleted. Expression measurement of Homo sapiens genes.
2019-07-31 | GSE114179 | GEO
Project description:Intra-tumour heterogeneity is increasingly appreciated as a determinant of tumour recurrence. Several tumour types were recently found to include phenotypically divergent cell types, reflecting lineage development stages (1,2,3). Lineage identity has been proposed to ensue super-enhancer (SE)-associated transcription factor (TF) networks (4,5), but their role in intra-tumour heterogeneity is unknown. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric tumour of the adrenergic differentiation lineage. Here we show that most neuroblastoma tumors include two types of tumor cells with highly diverging gene expression profiles. The undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and more differentiated adrenergic cells can interconvert and may relate to normal lineage differentiation stages. ChIP-seq analysis of isogenic pairs of mesenchymal and adrenergic neuroblastoma cells revealed a distinct, highly consistent super-enhancer landscape for each cell type. Two SE-associated TF networks emerged that potentially master each cell type. Accordingly, the mesenchymal TF PRRX1 could reprogram the SE- and mRNA-profiles of adrenergic cells towards a mesenchymal state. To assess the clinical relevance of this bi-phasic system, we investigated chemo-sensitivity of both cell types. Mesenchymal cells were more resistant in vitro and were enriched in post-therapy and relapsed neuroblastoma in patients. Intra-tumor heterogeneity in neuroblastoma is therefore structured according to distinct SE-associated transcriptional programs that mediate a dynamic bi-phasic structure.
2017-05-19 | GSE91028 | GEO
Project description:Intra-tumour heterogeneity is increasingly appreciated as a determinant of tumour recurrence. Several tumour types were recently found to include phenotypically divergent cell types, reflecting lineage development stages (1,2,3). Lineage identity has been proposed to ensue super-enhancer (SE)-associated transcription factor (TF) networks (4,5), but their role in intra-tumour heterogeneity is unknown. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric tumour of the adrenergic differentiation lineage. Here we show that most neuroblastoma tumors include two types of tumor cells with highly diverging gene expression profiles. The undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and more differentiated adrenergic cells can interconvert and may relate to normal lineage differentiation stages. ChIP-seq analysis of isogenic pairs of mesenchymal and adrenergic neuroblastoma cells revealed a distinct, highly consistent super-enhancer landscape for each cell type. Two SE-associated TF networks emerged that potentially master each cell type. Accordingly, the mesenchymal TF PRRX1 could reprogram the SE- and mRNA-profiles of adrenergic cells towards a mesenchymal state. To assess the clinical relevance of this bi-phasic system, we investigated chemo-sensitivity of both cell types. Mesenchymal cells were more resistant in vitro and were enriched in post-therapy and relapsed neuroblastoma in patients. Intra-tumor heterogeneity in neuroblastoma is therefore structured according to distinct SE-associated transcriptional programs that mediate a dynamic bi-phasic structure.
2021-10-01 | GSE126054 | GEO
Project description:As the evolution of miRNA genes has been found to be one of the important factors in formation of the modern type of man, we performed a comparative analysis of the evolution of miRNA genes in two archaic hominines, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens denisova, and elucidated the expression of their target mRNAs in bain.A comparative analysis of the genomes of primates, including species in the genus Homo, identified a group of miRNA genes having fixed substitutions with important implications for the evolution of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens denisova. The mRNAs targeted by miRNAs with mutations specific for Homo sapiens denisova exhibited enhanced expression during postnatal brain development in modern humans. By contrast, the expression of mRNAs targeted by miRNAs bearing variations specific for Homo sapiens neanderthalensis was shown to be enhanced in prenatal brain development.Our results highlight the importance of changes in miRNA gene sequences in the course of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis evolution. The genetic alterations of miRNAs regulating the spatiotemporal expression of multiple genes in the prenatal and postnatal brain may contribute to the progressive evolution of brain function, which is consistent with the observations of fine technical and typological properties of tools and decorative items reported from archaeological Denisovan sites. The data also suggest that differential spatial-temporal regulation of gene products promoted by the subspecies-specific mutations in the miRNA genes might have occurred in the brains of Homo sapiens denisova and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, potentially contributing to the cultural differences between these two archaic hominines.
| S-EPMC4686780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeWe investigated the evidence of recent positive selection in the human phototransduction system at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and gene level.MethodsSNP genotyping data from the International HapMap Project for European, Eastern Asian, and African populations was used to discover differences in haplotype length and allele frequency between these populations. Numeric selection metrics were computed for each SNP and aggregated into gene-level metrics to measure evidence of recent positive selection. The level of recent positive selection in phototransduction genes was evaluated and compared to a set of genes shown previously to be under recent selection, and a set of highly conserved genes as positive and negative controls, respectively.ResultsSix of 20 phototransduction genes evaluated had gene-level selection metrics above the 90th percentile: RGS9, GNB1, RHO, PDE6G, GNAT1, and SLC24A1. The selection signal across these genes was found to be of similar magnitude to the positive control genes and much greater than the negative control genes.ConclusionsThere is evidence for selective pressure in the genes involved in retinal phototransduction, and traces of this selective pressure can be demonstrated using SNP-level and gene-level metrics of allelic variation. We hypothesize that the selective pressure on these genes was related to their role in low light vision and retinal adaptation to ambient light changes. Uncovering the underlying genetics of evolutionary adaptations in phototransduction not only allows greater understanding of vision and visual diseases, but also the development of patient-specific diagnostic and intervention strategies.
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