Poliovirus Type 1, 2 and 3 strain:Sabin
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA369470 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR5237890.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5237900_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5237900_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5237910.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5237920.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:A human embryonic fibroblast cell line was synchronously infected with poliovirus in the absence or presence of interferon-α, or with vacciniavirus, a virus that is not inhibited by interferon. The titers were sufficient to yield productive infection in a majority of the cells. The cells were harvested in triplicate at various time-points, and the transcriptosome compared with mock infected cells using oligo-based 35 k microarrays. The project had two purposes: to characterize the cellular response and to look for candidate genes involved in viral defense. The changes in gene expression due to vaccinia virus did not correspond to those caused by poliovirus. More surprisingly, neither did the changes when comparing 8 h and 16 h of poliovirus infection. However, a large proportion of the genes up-regulated by interferon-α were also up-regulated by poliovirus, both at 8 h and 16 h. Interferon-α inhibited poliovirus replication, thus the observations suggest that the cells do launch an antiviral response to poliovirus. Moreover, as interferon genes were not induced, the data indicate that several of the relevant genes can be activated in an interferon independent manner. Further analyses of the data led to a list of candidate antiviral genes. Functional information was limited, or absent, for most of these genes. Keywords: Poliovirus; Vacciniavirus; Interferon; Microarray; Gene expression; Defense genes
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Project description:Poliovirus Recombination from natural co-infection
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Project description:ImportanceThe Sabin-strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) may be a tool for polio outbreak response in certain situations.ObjectiveTo investigate the response to a type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) outbreak.Design, setting, and participantsThis case series was conducted in China after a VDPV2 was detected in stool specimens from a child with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Sichuan Province in 2019, 3 years after the global withdrawal of live, attenuated type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Investigation followed National Health Commission and World Health Organization guidance and included searching hospitals for unreported AFP cases; testing stool specimens from the child, his contacts, and local children; enhanced environmental surveillance for VDPV2s in wastewater; and measuring vaccination coverage. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns were conducted in a wide geographic area.Main outcomes and measuresAny VDPV2 detection after completion of the supplementary immunization activities.ResultsA 28-nucleotide-change VDPV2 was isolated from a young boy. Three VDPV2s were detected in healthy children; 2 were contacts of the original child, and none had paralysis. A search of 31 million hospital records found 10 unreported AFP cases; none were polio. No type 2 polioviruses were found in wastewater. Prior to the event, polio vaccine coverage was 65% among children younger than 5 years. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns reached more than 97% of targeted children, administering 1.4 million doses. No transmission source was identified. More than 1 year of enhanced poliovirus environmental and AFP surveillance detected no additional VDPVs.Conclusions and relevanceThese findings suggest that the circulating VPDV2 outbreak in 2019 was associated with low vaccine coverage. An investigation discovered 3 infected but otherwise healthy children and no evidence of the virus in wastewater. Following Sabin-strain IPV-only campaigns expanding from county to prefecture, the poliovirus was not detected, and the outbreak response was considered by an expert panel and the World Health Organization to have been successful. This success suggests that the Sabin-strain IPV may be a useful tool for responding to circulating VDPV2 outbreaks when high-quality supplementary immunization activities can be conducted and carefully monitored in settings with good sanitation.
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Project description:Mus musculus strain:poliovirus DVG eTIP1 Raw sequence reads
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Project description:Significantly divergent polioviruses (VDPV) derived from the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) from Sabin strains, like wild polioviruses, are capable of prolonged transmission and neuropathology. This is mainly shown for VDPV type 2. Here we describe a molecular-epidemiological investigation of a case of VDPV type 3 circulation leading to paralytic poliomyelitis in a child in an orphanage, where OPV has not been used. Samples of feces and blood serum from the patient and 52 contacts from the same orphanage were collected twice and investigated. The complete genome sequencing was performed for five polioviruses isolated from the patient and three contact children. The level of divergence of the genomes of the isolates corresponded to approximately 9-10 months of evolution. The presence of 61 common substitutions in all isolates indicated a common intermediate progenitor. The possibility of VDPV3 transmission from the excretor to susceptible recipients (unvaccinated against polio or vaccinated with inactivated poliovirus vaccine, IPV) with subsequent circulation in a closed children's group was demonstrated. The study of the blood sera of orphanage residents at least twice vaccinated with IPV revealed the absence of neutralizing antibodies against at least two poliovirus serotypes in almost 20% of children. Therefore, a complete rejection of OPV vaccination can lead to a critical decrease in collective immunity level. The development of new poliovirus vaccines that create mucosal immunity for the adequate replacement of OPV from Sabin strains is necessary.
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