Project description:Ilex paraguariensis is a well-known plant that is widely consumed in South America, primarily as a drink called mate. Mate is described to have stimulant and medicinal properties. Considering the potential anti-lipid effects of I. paraguariensis infusion, we used an extract of this plant as a possible modulator of fat storage to control lipid metabolism in worms. Herein, the I. paraguariensis-dependent modulation of fat metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated. C. elegans were treated with I. paraguariensis aqueous extract (1 mg/ml) from L1 larvae stage until adulthood, to simulate the primary form of consumption. Expression of adipocyte triglyceride lipase 1 (ATGL-1) and heat shock protein 16.2, lipid accumulation through C1-BODIPY-C12 (BODIPY) lipid staining, behavioral parameters, body length, total body energy expenditure and overall survival were analyzed. Total body energy expenditure was determined by the oxygen consumption rate in N2, nuclear hormone receptor knockout, nhr-49(nr2041), and adenosine receptor knockout, ador-1(ox489) strains. Ilex paraguariensis extract increased ATGL-1 expression 20.06% and decreased intestinal BODIPY fat staining 63.36%, compared with the respective control group, without affecting bacterial growth and energetic balance, while nhr-49(nr2041) and ador-1(ox489) strains blocked the worm fat loss. In addition, I. paraguariensis increased the oxygen consumption in N2 worms, but not in mutant strains, increased N2 worm survival following juglone exposure, and did not alter hsp-16.2 expression. We demonstrate for the first time that I. paraguariensis can decrease fat storage and increase body energy expenditure in worms. These effects depend on the purinergic system (ADOR-1) and NHR-49 pathways. Ilex paraguariensis upregulated the expression of ATGL-1 to modulate fat metabolism. Furthermore, our data corroborates with other studies that demonstrate that C. elegans is a useful tool for studies of fat metabolism and energy consumption.

Project description:In rice, gene expression profiling under different stresses have been carried out earlier through microarrays and SAGE (Kawasaki et al., 2001; Rabbani et al., 2003,;. Yazaki et al., 2003, 2004; Walia et al., 2005; Zhou et al., 2005; Jiao et al., 2005; Zhou, 2007; Wang, et al., 2007)). The results reported so far were mostly derived from different stress treatments, array formats, species, tissue types, and time courses, which make it difficult for direct comparison among studies. Also, most of the stress experiments on expression profiles were conducted under laboratory, growth chamber or field grown plants subjected to stress in laboratory conditions, usually by inducing stress with exogenous compounds such as abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellin (GA) genes (Yazaki et al., 2003, 2004; Rabbani et al., 2003), salt (Kawasaki et al., 2001; Rabbani et al., 2003; Walia et al., 2005), organ specific gene expression under high salinity (Jiao et al., 2005) and drought (Zhou et al., 2007), comparison with different cultivars (Wang et al., 2007) and other environmental stresses such as cold and drought (Rabbani et al., 2003; Zhou et al., 2005). However, such laboratory, growth chamber grown plants or field grown plants subjected to stress under laboratory conditions significantly differ from the field stress conditions and therefore the resultant plant response may not truly represent the actual stress conditions prevailing on field. This has been extensively reviewed by Mittler, 2006 and the need for utilizing data from multiple stress experiments for developing plants resistant to stress has been focused. The review also focuses on evaluating farmers experiences in stress management and kinds of stress that a plant is subjected prior to taking up research on stress resistances has been of significant importance. In the present study, to bridge the gap between the available data on drought stress and the gene regulation under field drought conditions has been paid attention. The outcome of this data will give new leads for breeders to design strategies to develop plants resistant to drought without much loss in yield. In the present study experiments were conducted under different field capacities using a rainout shelter to minimizing the effects of drought induction due to rains. The microarray analysis is thus expected to throw light on stress responsive gene expression in field drought conditions. Till now, to our knowledge there have been no reports on gene expression in rice under field drought conditions. Further, there is no data available on gene expression profiling during various stages of plant growth in leaf and panicle tissues under different levels of water stress. Here, we have focused on generating stress responsive gene (SRG) expression profiles in field drought conditions through the entire life cycle of rice plant. Optimal drought simulation was achieved by conducting a drought stress experiment and validated by a series of dry runs. The main reason for evaluating gene expression under drought in field condition is as drought itself is not limited to water stress but various other factors, such as heat, humidity, hot winds, and long day lengths effect the gene regulation. All these are likely to trigger common pathways that are also a part of drought stress response and therefore significantly affect the expression profiles. In the present study, field drought stress was initiated from 31 days after germination and transplantation to the field at 100%, 60%, 40% and 15% field capacities designated as A1, A2, A3, and A4. It took 7 days for the onset of the actual drought for the experimental plots to reach to their designated field capacities from 100% FC. Samples were collected from 7 days after drought stress to 33 days after drought stress to evaluate different drought stress regimes based on the developmental stages of the plant. At all the tested stress levels the data points were Hierarchically grouped and clustered sets of genes were examined and an approximate number of clusters to be formed were estimated. Finding a group of genes showing a similar pattern of gene expression by means of expression data from microarray analysis is the basis for identification of genes and pathways controlling a specific trait. We have followed unsupervised classification and clustered the genes hierarchically after normalizing expression data to obtain a set of co-regulated genes. Analysis of data revealed that there are at least 3 to 4 clusters which show differential regulation under each stress regime. The annotated genes falling in these clusters interestingly include a number of novel genes from N22 library along with some known candidate genes for drought tolerance which were earlier identified in our study (Markandeya et al., 2007). Expression pattern of these genes from 7 days after drought stress to 33 days after drought stress with their fold changes were evaluated in the present study. In particular, it is observed that many genes of unknown function are also co-regulated in an interesting pattern along with known genes.

Project description:Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a relevant crop cultivated over the world, largely in water insufficiency vulnerable areas. Since drought is the main environmental factor restraining worldwide crop production, efforts have been invested to amend drought tolerance in commercial common bean varieties. However, scarce molecular data are available for those cultivars of P. vulgaris with drought tolerance attributes. As a first approach, Pinto Saltillo (PS), Azufrado Higuera (AH), and Negro Jamapa Plus (NP) were assessed phenotypically and physiologically to determine the outcome in response to drought on these common bean cultivars. Based on this, a Next-generation sequencing approach was applied to PS, which was the most drought-tolerant cultivar to determine the molecular changes at the transcriptional level. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed that numerous PS genes are dynamically modulated by drought. In brief, 1005 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, from which 645 genes were up-regulated by drought stress, whereas 360 genes were down-regulated. Further analysis showed that the enriched categories of the up-regulated genes in response to drought fit to processes related to carbohydrate metabolism (polysaccharide metabolic processes), particularly genes encoding proteins located within the cell periphery (cell wall dynamics). In the case of down-regulated genes, heat shock-responsive genes, mainly associated with protein folding, chloroplast, and oxidation-reduction processes were identified. Our findings suggest that secondary cell wall (SCW) properties contribute to P. vulgaris L. drought tolerance through alleviation or mitigation of drought-induced osmotic disturbances, making cultivars more adaptable to such stress. Altogether, the knowledge derived from this study is significant for a forthcoming understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance on common bean, especially for drought-tolerant cultivars such as PS.

			Action	DRS
	SRR24273717_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR24273717_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR24273718_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR24273718_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR24273719_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Ilex paraguariensis cultivar:SI-49

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