Anopheles arabiensis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA381033 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR5417060_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5417060_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5417061_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5417061_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR5417062_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Transmission of malaria is dependent on the successful completion of the Plasmodium lifecycle in the Anopheles vector. Major obstacles are encountered in the midgut tissue, where most parasites are killed by the mosquito’s immune system. In the present study, DNA microarray analyses have been used to compare Anopheles gambiae responses to invasion of the midgut epithelium by the ookinete stage of the human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent experimental model pathogen P. berghei. Invasion by P. berghei had a more profound impact on the mosquito transcriptome, including a variety of functional gene classes, while P. falciparum elicited a broader immune response at the gene transcript level. Ingestion of human malaria-infected blood lacking invasive ookinetes also induced a variety of immune genes, including several anti-Plasmodium factors. Keywords: Anopheles gambiae, Plasmodium falciparum, ookinete, invasion, innate immunity
2007-08-15 | GSE8789 | GEO
Project description:Differences between males and females are central to the biology of thousands of species across the tree of life. Sex chromosomes play a key role, but despite their their evolutionary diversity, the regulatory mechanisms have been mostly elucidated in the three model species Mammals, D. melanogaster and C. elegans. Here we present the characterization of the first X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) pathway in a non-model organism, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In mosquitos, DC corrects the imbalance in gene expression between sexes by approximately two-fold upregulation of male X-linked genes. We have identified SOA, a previously uncharacterized gene, which is specific to Anophelinae and activated concomitantly with the onset of DC. SOA displays sex-specific alternative splicing, where only males express full-length protein. SOA is a DNA-binding protein, specifically localizes to an X chromosome territory and binds promoters of active X-linked genes. Expression of the male, but not female isoform, is sufficient to induce DC. SOA knock-out mosquitos display a male-specific developmental delay, which is associated with a global downregulation of the X chromosome. Thus, SOA is the first DC factor discovered in Anopheles and provides only the fourth DC pathway ever identified to date. Since only females are blood-feeding and able to transmit malaria, identification of this sex-specific pathway is highly relevant and an important progress for malaria control programs.
2023-07-25 | GSE210626 | GEO
Project description:Differences between males and females are central to the biology of thousands of species across the tree of life. Sex chromosomes play a key role, but despite their their evolutionary diversity, the regulatory mechanisms have been mostly elucidated in the three model species Mammals, D. melanogaster and C. elegans. Here we present the characterization of the first X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) pathway in a non-model organism, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In mosquitos, DC corrects the imbalance in gene expression between sexes by approximately two-fold upregulation of male X-linked genes. We have identified SOA, a previously uncharacterized gene, which is specific to Anophelinae and activated concomitantly with the onset of DC. SOA displays sex-specific alternative splicing, where only males express full-length protein. SOA is a DNA-binding protein, specifically localizes to an X chromosome territory and binds promoters of active X-linked genes. Expression of the male, but not female isoform, is sufficient to induce DC. SOA knock-out mosquitos display a male-specific developmental delay, which is associated with a global downregulation of the X chromosome. Thus, SOA is the first DC factor discovered in Anopheles and provides only the fourth DC pathway ever identified to date. Since only females are blood-feeding and able to transmit malaria, identification of this sex-specific pathway is highly relevant and an important progress for malaria control programs.
2023-07-25 | GSE210629 | GEO
Project description:Differences between males and females are central to the biology of thousands of species across the tree of life. Sex chromosomes play a key role, but despite their their evolutionary diversity, the regulatory mechanisms have been mostly elucidated in the three model species Mammals, D. melanogaster and C. elegans. Here we present the characterization of the first X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) pathway in a non-model organism, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In mosquitos, DC corrects the imbalance in gene expression between sexes by approximately two-fold upregulation of male X-linked genes. We have identified SOA, a previously uncharacterized gene, which is specific to Anophelinae and activated concomitantly with the onset of DC. SOA displays sex-specific alternative splicing, where only males express full-length protein. SOA is a DNA-binding protein, specifically localizes to an X chromosome territory and binds promoters of active X-linked genes. Expression of the male, but not female isoform, is sufficient to induce DC. SOA knock-out mosquitos display a male-specific developmental delay, which is associated with a global downregulation of the X chromosome. Thus, SOA is the first DC factor discovered in Anopheles and provides only the fourth DC pathway ever identified to date. Since only females are blood-feeding and able to transmit malaria, identification of this sex-specific pathway is highly relevant and an important progress for malaria control programs.
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Project description:Differences between males and females are central to the biology of thousands of species across the tree of life. Sex chromosomes play a key role, but despite their their evolutionary diversity, the regulatory mechanisms have been mostly elucidated in the three model species Mammals, D. melanogaster and C. elegans. Here we present the characterization of the first X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) pathway in a non-model organism, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In mosquitos, DC corrects the imbalance in gene expression between sexes by approximately two-fold upregulation of male X-linked genes. We have identified SOA, a previously uncharacterized gene, which is specific to Anophelinae and activated concomitantly with the onset of DC. SOA displays sex-specific alternative splicing, where only males express full-length protein. SOA is a DNA-binding protein, specifically localizes to an X chromosome territory and binds promoters of active X-linked genes. Expression of the male, but not female isoform, is sufficient to induce DC. SOA knock-out mosquitos display a male-specific developmental delay, which is associated with a global downregulation of the X chromosome. Thus, SOA is the first DC factor discovered in Anopheles and provides only the fourth DC pathway ever identified to date. Since only females are blood-feeding and able to transmit malaria, identification of this sex-specific pathway is highly relevant and an important progress for malaria control programs.
2023-07-25 | GSE210625 | GEO
Project description:Differences between males and females are central to the biology of thousands of species across the tree of life. Sex chromosomes play a key role, but despite their their evolutionary diversity, the regulatory mechanisms have been mostly elucidated in the three model species Mammals, D. melanogaster and C. elegans. Here we present the characterization of the first X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) pathway in a non-model organism, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In mosquitos, DC corrects the imbalance in gene expression between sexes by approximately two-fold upregulation of male X-linked genes. We have identified SOA, a previously uncharacterized gene, which is specific to Anophelinae and activated concomitantly with the onset of DC. SOA displays sex-specific alternative splicing, where only males express full-length protein. SOA is a DNA-binding protein, specifically localizes to an X chromosome territory and binds promoters of active X-linked genes. Expression of the male, but not female isoform, is sufficient to induce DC. SOA knock-out mosquitos display a male-specific developmental delay, which is associated with a global downregulation of the X chromosome. Thus, SOA is the first DC factor discovered in Anopheles and provides only the fourth DC pathway ever identified to date. Since only females are blood-feeding and able to transmit malaria, identification of this sex-specific pathway is highly relevant and an important progress for malaria control programs.
2023-07-25 | GSE210627 | GEO
Project description:Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are primary human malaria vectors, but we know very little about their mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. We profiled chromatin accessibility by ATAC-seq in laboratory-reared An. gambiae mosquitoes experimentally infected with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. By integrating ATAC-seq, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data we showed a positive correlation between accessibility at promoters and introns, gene expression and active histone marks. By comparing expression and chromatin structure patterns in different tissues, we were able to infer cis-regulatory elements controlling tissue specific gene expression and to predict the in vivo binding sites of relevant transcription factors. The ATAC-seq assay also allowed the precise mapping of active regulatory regions, including novel transcription start sites and enhancers that annotate to mosquito immune-response genes. This study is important not only for advancing our understanding of mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in the mosquito vector of human malaria, but also the information we produced is of great potential for developing new mosquito-control and anti-malaria strategies.
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Project description:We characterize the epigenome of the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in midgut cells by mapping the distribution and levels of two post-translational histone modifications, H3K27ac and H3K27me3. These histone profiles were then correlated with levels of gene expression obtained by RNA-seq.
2014-09-04 | GSE59773 | GEO
Project description:Heteromorphic sex chromosomes induce potentially deleterious gene expression imbalances that are frequently corrected by dosage compensation (DC). Three distinct molecular strategies to achieve DC have been previously described in nematodes, fruit flies and mammals. The reason for these mechanistic differences remain unclear: Are they a consequence of distinct genomes and gene content, functional or ecological constraints, or random initial commitment to an evolutionary trajectory? Here, we study DC in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. The X chromosomes of Anopheles and Drosophila evolved independently, yet from the same ancestral autosome and share a high degree of homology. We find that Anopheles achieves DC by an entirely different mechanism compared to the MSL complex - H4K16ac axis operating in Drosophila. CRISPR knock-out of msl-2 in Anopheles leads to early embryonic lethality and affects both sexes. Transcriptome analyses indicate that this phenotype is not a consequence of defective X chromosome DC, but instead relates to misregulation of developmental genes. Furthermore, Histone H4 Lysine 16 acetylation does not mark an X chromosome territory, neither does it display a sexually dimorphic genome-wide distribution by ChIP. We conclude that a novel pathway confers X chromosome upregulation in male Anopheles. Our findings highlight the pluralism of how organisms cope with gene-dosage alterations and show that different mechanisms can evolve even in scenarios of highly similar genomic and functional constraints.
2021-05-31 | GSE153778 | GEO
Project description:Heteromorphic sex chromosomes induce potentially deleterious gene expression imbalances that are frequently corrected by dosage compensation (DC). Three distinct molecular strategies to achieve DC have been previously described in nematodes, fruit flies and mammals. The reason for these mechanistic differences remain unclear: Are they a consequence of distinct genomes and gene content, functional or ecological constraints, or random initial commitment to an evolutionary trajectory? Here, we study DC in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. The X chromosomes of Anopheles and Drosophila evolved independently, yet from the same ancestral autosome and share a high degree of homology. We find that Anopheles achieves DC by an entirely different mechanism compared to the MSL complex - H4K16ac axis operating in Drosophila. CRISPR knock-out of msl-2 in Anopheles leads to early embryonic lethality and affects both sexes. Transcriptome analyses indicate that this phenotype is not a consequence of defective X chromosome DC, but instead relates to misregulation of developmental genes. Furthermore, Histone H4 Lysine 16 acetylation does not mark an X chromosome territory, neither does it display a sexually dimorphic genome-wide distribution by ChIP. We conclude that a novel pathway confers X chromosome upregulation in male Anopheles. Our findings highlight the pluralism of how organisms cope with gene-dosage alterations and show that different mechanisms can evolve even in scenarios of highly similar genomic and functional constraints.
2021-05-31 | GSE153775 | GEO