Project description:Comparison of pre and post metamorphis phases of cane toad Keywords: Developmental Stages Samples were harvested at 9, 18, 28 (pre-metamorph), 30 and 53 (post-metamorph) days of age and RNA extracted using Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen). Total RNA (100 mg) was reverse transcribed (Qiagen) and labelled cDNA probes were generated using the fluorophores, Cy3 and Cy5 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Prehybridization of slides, application of the probe to the microarray slides, hybridisation, and subsequent washing steps were performed according to manufacturer's instructions (Corning Microarray Technology). Slides were scanned and analysed with a GenePix 4000B laser scanner and GenePix 3.0 and 4.0 software (Axon Instruments).
Project description:Purpose: To report a singular case of cataract caused by toad venom inoculation and to scrutinize the pathological mechanisms through proteomic sequencing of the lens specimen. Methods: A young Chinese male presented with progressively deteriorating vision in his right eye subsequent to a history of toad venom inoculation. He was diagnosed with a toxic cataract, and underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Anterior capsule, nucleus, and cortex specimens from the patient (designated as PT_CAP, PT_PHACO, and PT_CTX, respectively) and age-related cataract controls (C_CAP, C_PHACO, and C_CTX, respectively) were collected and subjected to 4D label-free quantitative proteomics. Results: A multitude of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the patient's lens compared to those in the controls. Specifically, a total of 204 DEPs were identified in PT_CAP compared to C_CAP, with MYH6, MYL2, MYL3, STAT1, and ANK1 among the foremost regulated DEPs. The DEPs of PT_CAP were principally affiliated with functions including "transportation of small molecules", "regulation of metal ion transport", and "import into cell". A sum of 109 DEPs were delineated in PT_CTX compared to C_CTX, with TPM1 among the top-10 downregulated DEPs. Ninety-five DEPs were pinpointed in PT_PHACO compared to C_PHACO, with hexokinase among the top 10 downregulated DEPs. These proteins were ascertained to be linked with Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Conclusion: This study introduced the first documented case of toxic cataract caused by toad venom inoculation. Proteomic sequencing indicated a correlation between cataract and alterations in Na+/K+-ATPase activity, providing insights for the clinical management of ocular toad venom inoculation in subsequent cases.
Project description:A ranavirus associated with mass mortalities in wild water frogs (Pelophylax spp.) and other amphibians in the Netherlands since 2010 was isolated, and its complete genome sequence was determined. The virus has a genome of 107,772 bp and shows 96.5% sequence identity with the common midwife toad virus from Spain.
Project description:Differential expression was determined in Calu-3 cells between mock infected and infected with H1N1 influenza virus A/Netherlands/602/2009 at nine time points post-infection. As a comparison, cells were also infected with A/CA/04/2009 H1N1 influenza virus at 4 time points post-infection.
Project description:Toad venom is a traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. The existing quality evaluation standards of it has obvious limitation for lack of protein study. Thus, it’s necessary to screen suitable biomarkers and establish appropriate quality evaluation method for the characteristics of toad venom’s proteins, guaranteeing the safety and efficacy in clinical applications. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography and cytotoxicity assay were used to analyze protein components difference between toad venom of different areas. Functional proteins were screened as potential biomarkers by tandem mass tags proteomic and bioinformatic analysis. The results showed that the composition of different toad venom was similar. The protein content of Lianyungang’s toad venom was higher and the alcohol-soluble substance was lower, which suggested that they had no correlation. Simultaneously, the protein component was verified to have strong cytotoxicity. Proteomics analysis showed that 13 antimicrobial proteins, 4 anti-inflammatory and analgesic proteins, and 20 antitumor proteins were screened in the extracellular differentially expressed proteins. A candidate list of functional proteins that could be used as potential biomarkers was presented. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Lysozyme C-1 and the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Neuropeptide B were identified as biomarkers for toad venom protein in future. The biomarkers can form the basis for the quality studies of toad venom’s proteins, helping construct and improve the safe, scientific and comprehensive quality evaluation method.