Epigenetics of Cocaine and Nicotine Addiction
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PROVIDER: PRJNA389764 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:<p>This project characterizes DNA methylation and gene expression changes that occur in the human brain, specifically in neurons from the rostral striatum. Major advances from NIDA funded initiatives for noninvasive neuroimaging studies have made it possible to study neuroanatomical, neurochemical and functional changes in the human brain that contribute to the vulnerability to abuse drugs, together with the neurotoxic consequences of years of drug misuse. Animal models have been developed to explain the fundamental behavioral and biological mechanisms of addiction, including reward, tolerance and dependence. From these studies, we learned that cocaine abuse not only alters the epigenetic status of genes, but also induces particular epigenetic modifications depending on the frequency of the drug's administration. Certain genes are switched on by infrequent (short-term exposure) administration, while others are switched on only after chronic administration (addiction/dependence). Animal studies have also suggested that cocaine-seeking habits modeling chronic cocaine addiction in humans depend upon dopamine-dependent serial connectivity linking the ventral (nucleus accumbens) with the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus). The primary goal of this study is to identify DNA methylation and gene expression changes that occur in the transition from recreational cocaine use to cocaine addiction. High throughput sequencing studies were designed to investigate unique postmortem human brain specimens from individuals that met criteria for cocaine dependence, as compared to unaffected age-matched controls.</p> <p>Brain biospecimens were available from the University of Miami Brain Endowment BankTM, from a collection of phenotypically well-characterized postmortem tissues sampled from chronic cocaine abusers that came to autopsy. This biobank of postmortem brain specimens and annotated genomic data serve as a research resource to support NIDA's scientific mission.</p>
| phs001377 | dbGaP
Project description:SH-SY5Y, neuroblastoma cells, were exposed to nicotine for 10, 60, and 90 minutes or cocaine for 5, 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Drugs of abuse modify behavior by altering gene expression in the brain. Gene expression can be regulated by changes in DNA methylation as well as by histone modifications, which alter chromatin structure, DNA compaction and DNA accessibility. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms directing drug-induced changes in chromatin structure, we examined DNA-nucleosome interactions within promoter regions of 858 genes in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) exposed to nicotine or cocaine. Widespread, drug- and time-resolved repositioning of nucleosomes was identified at the transcription start site and promoter region of multiple genes. Nicotine and cocaine produced unique and shared changes in terms of the numbers and types of genes affected, as well as repositioning of nucleosomes at sites which could increase or decrease the probability of gene expression based on DNA accessibility. Half of the drug-induced nucleosome positions approximated a theoretical model of nucleosome occupancy based on physical and chemical characteristics of the DNA sequence, whereas the basal or drug-naive positions were generally DNA sequence independent. Thus we suggest that nucleosome repositioning represents an initial dynamic genome-wide alteration of the transcriptional landscape preceding more selective downstream transcriptional reprogramming, which ultimately characterizes the cell- and tissue-specific responses to drugs of abuse. SH-SY5Y, neuroblastoma cells, were exposed to nicotine for 10, 60, and 90 minutes or cocaine for 5, 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Two independently grown biological replicates for each time point and condition, and two controls were processed.
2015-08-07 | E-GEOD-71795 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:SH-SY5Y, neuroblastoma cells, were exposed to nicotine for 10, 60, and 90 minutes or cocaine for 5, 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Drugs of abuse modify behavior by altering gene expression in the brain. Gene expression can be regulated by changes in DNA methylation as well as by histone modifications, which alter chromatin structure, DNA compaction and DNA accessibility. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms directing drug-induced changes in chromatin structure, we examined DNA-nucleosome interactions within promoter regions of 858 genes in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) exposed to nicotine or cocaine. Widespread, drug- and time-resolved repositioning of nucleosomes was identified at the transcription start site and promoter region of multiple genes. Nicotine and cocaine produced unique and shared changes in terms of the numbers and types of genes affected, as well as repositioning of nucleosomes at sites which could increase or decrease the probability of gene expression based on DNA accessibility. Half of the drug-induced nucleosome positions approximated a theoretical model of nucleosome occupancy based on physical and chemical characteristics of the DNA sequence, whereas the basal or drug-naive positions were generally DNA sequence independent. Thus we suggest that nucleosome repositioning represents an initial dynamic genome-wide alteration of the transcriptional landscape preceding more selective downstream transcriptional reprogramming, which ultimately characterizes the cell- and tissue-specific responses to drugs of abuse.
2015-08-07 | GSE71795 | GEO
Project description:Familial transmission and high heritability of liability for drug abuse has been demonstrated by large scale epidemiological and twin studies, but the role of pre-existing susceptibility to addiction is still not clear. Our data show that F1 and F2 offspring sired by rats with high motivation for drug reinforcement and drug intake during cocaine self-administration maintained their ancestor’s addict-like behavior. This paternal transmission of drug addiction is an acquired trait that is dependent on cocaine induced high motivation in F0. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing of F0 and F1 sperm DNA reveal a few persistent epigenetic changes in genes that critically regulate early development and morphogenesis. These epigenetic traits may underlie alterations in the neurological basis that lead to the transmission of cocaine motivation. Our results reveal the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of drug craving and provide a potential etiology in cocaine abuse vulnerability.
2017-03-17 | GSE72401 | GEO
Project description:Habenular Tcf7l2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes.
| PRJNA588418 | ENA
Project description:The Genetics of Vulnerability to Nicotine Addiction
| PRJNA375839 | ENA
Project description:Habenular Tcf7l2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes
| PRJNA564583 | ENA
Project description:Cocaine use disorder is a significant public health issue without an effective pharmacological treatment. Successful treatments are hindered in part by an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the brain that underly long-lasting maladaptive plasticity and addiction-like behaviors. In this study, we leverage a large RNA-sequencing dataset to generate gene co-expression networks across 6 interconnected regions of the brain’s reward circuitry from mice that underwent saline or cocaine self-administration, followed by a 24-hour or 30-day withdrawal period and a saline or cocaine challenge. We identify phosphodiesterase 1b (Pde1b), a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP, as one of the top hub genes within a nucleus accumbens (NAc) gene module that was bioinformatically associated with addiction-like behavior. Within Drd1- and Drd2-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1 and D2 MSNs) in the NAc, we found that chronic cocaine selectively upregulates Pde1b expression in D2 MSNs. Using a virus-mediated overexpression approach, we demonstrate that Pde1b in the NAc influences cocaine self-administration behavior, locomotor responses, electrophysiological properties of MSNs, and cocaine-induced transcriptomic adaptations in a cell-type- and sex-dependent manner. Together, we identify novel gene modules across the brain’s reward circuitry associated with addiction-like behavior and explore the role of Pde1b in regulating the molecular, cellular, and behavioral response to cocaine.
2024-04-19 | GSE244767 | GEO
Project description:By using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, we profiled gene expression in reward-related brain regions of rats that developed escalated cocaine intake after extended access to cocaine (6 h per day). Rats allowed restricted daily access to cocaine (only 1 h) that displayed a stable level of cocaine intake and cocaine naive rats were used for controls. Four analysis methods were compared: Affymetrix microarray suite 4 and microarray suite 5, which use perfect-match-minus-mismatch models, and dchip and rma, which use perfect-match-only models to generate expression values. Results were validated by RT-PCR in individual animals from an independent replication of the experiment. A small number of genes was associated with escalated cocaine intake (ESC genes). Unexpectedly, of the brain regions examined [prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, septum, lateral hypothalamus (LH), amygdala, and ventral tegmental area], the LH was the most transcriptionally responsive in escalation of cocaine intake. Most of the ESC genes identified are also expressed during synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity and include genes that code for several presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins involved in neurotransmission. These results suggest that LH intrinsic circuitry undergoes a structural reorganization during escalation of cocaine use. This remodeling of LH circuitry could contribute to the chronic deficit in reward function that has been hypothesized to drive the transition to drug addiction. Results also support the value of using multiple analysis strategies to identify the most robust changes in gene expression and to compensate for the biases that affect each strategy. Keywords: cocaine addiction
2006-01-26 | GSE3016 | GEO