The diphenylpyrazol compound anle138b blocks Aβ channels and rescues disease phenotypes in a mouse model for amyloid pathology.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA412589 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR6117590.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6117600.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6117610.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6117620.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6117591.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease eventually leading to dementia. An effective treatment does not yet exist. Here we show that oral application of the compound anle138b restores hippocampal synaptic and transcriptional plasticity as well as spatial memory in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease, when given orally before or after the onset of pathology. At the mechanistic level we provide evidence that anle138b blocks the formation of conducting Aβ pores without changing the membrane embedded Aβ-oligomer structure. In conclusion, our data suggest that anle138b is a novel and promising compound to treat AD-related pathology that should be investigated further.
2017-09-30 | GSE104424 | GEO
Project description:Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease eventually leading to dementia. An effective treatment does not yet exist. Here we show that oral application of the compound anle138b restores hippocampal synaptic and transcriptional plasticity as well as spatial memory in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease, when given orally before or after the onset of pathology. At the mechanistic level, we provide evidence that anle138b blocks the activity of conducting Aβ pores without changing the membrane embedded Aβ-oligomer structure. In conclusion, our data suggest that anle138b is a novel and promising compound to treat AD-related pathology that should be investigated further.
| S-EPMC5760857 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, perform critical inflammatory and non-inflammatory functions to maintain homeostasis and normal neural function. However in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), these beneficial functions become progressively impaired, contributing to synapse and neuron loss and cognitive impairment. The inflammatory cyclooxygenase-PGE2 pathway, including the PGE2 receptor EP2, is implicated in AD development, both in human epidemiology and in transgenic models of AD. To test the transcriptional responses of EP2-deficient microglia to Aβ in vivo, we used mice in which the EP2 receptor is conditionally deleted in microglia using the CD11b-Cre transgene and floxed alleles of the EP2 gene. By injecting these mice with Aβ ICV and isolating microglia from the brains, we have been able to establish the transcriptional response of microglia to Aβ in vivo and test how EP2 deletion in microglia affects this response. 8 month-old C57BL/6 mice, of the genotype CD11b-Cre; EP2+/+ or CD11b-Cre; EP2lox/lox, were injected I.C.V. with either Aβ or vehicle. 48 hours after injection, the mice were sacrificed and transcardially perfused with cold heparinized 0.9% NaCl. Brains were then removed from the mice and pooled, two brains of the same genotype per sample, to ensure adequate cell and RNA yield. The brains were then enzymatically dissociated for microglia isolation using the Neural Tissue Dissociation Kit (P), MACS Separation Columns (LS), and magnetic CD11b Microbeads from Miltenyi Biotec according to the manufacturer's protocol. Immediately after isolating the microglia, RNA was extracted from the cells for microarray analysis.
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Project description:A defining hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the synaptic aggregation of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. In vivo, Aβ production results in a diverse mixture of variants, of which Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43 are profusely present in the AD brain, and their relative abundance is recognised to play a role in disease onset and progression. Nonetheless, the occurrence of Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43 hetero-oligomerisation and the subsequent effects on Aβ aggregation remain elusive and were investigated here. Using thioflavin-T (ThT) monitored aggregation assays and native mass spectrometry coupled to ion mobility analysis (IM-MS), we first show that all Aβ peptides are aggregation-competent and self-assemble into homo-oligomers with distinct conformational populations, which are more pronounced between Aβ40 than the longer variants. ThT assays were then conducted on binary mixtures of Aβ variants, revealing that Aβ42 and Aβ43 aggregate independently from Aβ40, but significantly speed-up Aβ40 fibrillation. Aβ42 and Aβ43 were observed to aggregate concurrently and mutually accelerate fibril formation, which likely involves hetero-oligomerisation. Accordingly, native MS analysis revealed pairwise oligomerisation between all variants, with the formation of heterodimers and heterotrimers. Interestingly, IM-MS indicates that hetero-oligomers containing longer Aβ variants are enriched in conformers with lower collision-cross sections when compared to their homo-oligomer counterparts. This suggests that Aβ42 and Aβ43 are capable of remodelling oligomer structure towards a higher compaction level. Altogether, our findings provide a mechanistic description for the hetero-oligomerisation of Aβ variants implicated in AD, contributing to rationalising their in vivo proteotoxic interplay.
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Project description:Microglia help limit the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by constrainingβ-Amyloid (Aβ) pathology, effected through a balance of activating and inhibitory intracellular signals delivered by distinct cell surface receptors. Human leukocyte Ig-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) is an inhibitory receptor of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that is expressed on myeloid cells and recognizes apolipoprotein E (ApoE) among other ligands. LILRB4 expression and function in microglia has not been investigated. Here, we find that LILRB4 is highly expressed in microglia of patients with AD. Using mice that accumulate Aβ andcarry a transgene encompassing a portion of the LILR region that includes LILRB4, we corroborated abundant LILRB4 expression in microglia wrapping Aβ plaques. Systemic treatment of these mice with an anti-human LILRB4 monoclonal antibody (mAb)reduced Aβ load,mitigated Aβ-related behavioral abnormalities, enhanced microglia phagocytosis and attenuated expression of interferon-induced genes.In vitrobinding experiments established that human LILRB4 binds both human and mouse ApoE and that anti-human LILRB4 mAb blocks such interaction.In silicomodeling, biochemical and mutagenesis analyses identified a loop between the two extracellular Ig domains of LILRB4 required for interaction with mouse ApoE and further indicated that anti-LILRB4 mAb may block LILRB4-mApoE by directly binding this loop. Thus, targeting LILRB4 may be a potential therapeutic avenue for AD.
2025-01-31 | GSE253456 | GEO
Project description:Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a key factor in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selenium (Se) compounds show promise in AD treatment. Here, we reveal that selenoprotein K (SELENOK), a selenoprotein involved in immune regulation and potentially related to AD pathology, plays a critical role in microglial immune response, migration, and phagocytosis. In vivo and in vitro studies corroborate that SELENOK deficiency inhibits microglial Aβ phagocytosis, exacerbating cognitive deficits in 5xFAD mice, which are reversed by SELENOK overexpression. Mechanistically, SELENOK is involved in CD36 palmitoylation through DHHC6, regulating CD36 localization to microglial plasma membranes and thus impacting Aβ phagocytosis. CD36 palmitoylation is reduced in the brains of AD patients and mice. Se supplementation promotes SELENOK expression and CD36 palmitoylation, enhancing microglial Aβ phagocytosis and mitigating AD progression. We have identified the regulatory mechanisms from Se-dependent selenoproteins to Aβ pathology, providing novel insights into potential therapeutic strategies involving Se and selenoproteins.
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Project description:Wnt signaling has well established roles in development and cancer progression. Its roles during normal adult homeostasis are less well studied, but Wnt is a major stem cell regulating factor in adult tissues. Here we use an optogenetic model of amyloid beta aggregation to examine the effect of Wnt signaling on protein aggregation. We observe that Wnt activation rescues the detrimental effects of Amyloid. We analyze the gene expression changes downstream of Wnt that contribute to this rescue and find a protein misfolding response and a metabolic response, but the major factor we focus on is inflammation. Wnt expression reduces inflammation through repression of Toll activating factors, and chronic Toll activation reduces lifespan. We propose that the protective effect observed for lithium treatment functions at least in part through Wnt activation and inhibition of inflammation.
2021-12-31 | GSE181844 | GEO
Project description:Astrocytes, one of the most resilient cells in the brain, transform into reactive astrocytes in response to toxic proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, reactive astrocyte-mediated non-cell autonomous neuropathological mechanism is not fully understood yet. We aimed our study to find out whether Aβ-induced proteotoxic stress affects the expression of autophagy genes and the modulation of autophagic flux in astrocytes, and if yes, how Aβ-induced autophagy-associated genes are involved Aβ clearance in astrocytes of animal model of AD. Whole RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to detect gene expression patterns in Aβ-treated human astrocytes in a time-dependent manner. To verify the role of astrocytic autophagy in an AD mouse model, we developed AAVs expressing shRNAs for MAP1LC3B/LC3B (LC3B) and Sequestosome1 (SQSTM1) based on AAV-R-CREon vector, which is a Cre recombinase-dependent gene-silencing system. Also, the effect of astrocyte-specific overexpression of LC3B on the neuropathology in AD (APP/PS1) mice was determined. Neuropathological alterations of AD mice with astrocytic autophagy dysfunction were observed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Behavioral changes of mice were examined through novel object recognition test (NOR) and novel object place recognition test (NOPR). Here, we show that astrocytes, unlike neurons, undergo plastic changes in autophagic processes to remove Aβ. Aβ transiently induces expression of LC3B gene and turns on a prolonged transcription of SQSTM1 gene. The Aβ-induced astrocytic autophagy accelerates urea cycle and putrescine degradation pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in astrocytes. Astrocyte-specific knockdown of LC3B and SQSTM1 significantly increases Aβ plaque formation and hypertrophic reactive astrocytes in APP/PS1 mice, along with a significant reduction of neuronal marker and cognitive function. In contrast, astrocyte-specific overexpression of LC3B reduced Ab aggregates in the brain of APP/PS1 mice An increase of LC3B and SQSTM1 protein is found in astrocytes of the hippocampus in AD patients. Taken together, our data indicates that Aβ-induced astrocytic autophagic plasticity is an important cellular event to modulate Aβ clearance and maintain cognitive function in AD mice.
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