Cephalopoda
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA413690 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR6150355.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6150356.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6150357.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6150358.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Coleoid cephalopods (squids, cuttlefish, octopus) have the largest nervous system among invertebrates that together with many lineage-specific morphological traits enables complex behaviors. The genomic basis underlying these innovations remains unknown. Using comparative and functional genomics in the model squid Euprymna scolopes, we reveal the unique genomic, topological, and regulatory organization of cephalopod genomes. We show that cephalopod genomes have been extensively restructured compared to other animals leading to the emergence of hundreds of tightly linked and evolutionary unique gene clusters (microsyntenies). Such novel microsyntenies correspond to topological compartments with a distinct regulatory structure and contribute to complex expression patterns. In particular, we identified a set of microsyntenies associated with cephalopod innovations (MACIs) broadly enriched in cephalopod nervous system expression. We posit that the emergence of MACIs was instrumental to cephalopod nervous system evolution and propose that microsyntenic profiling will be central to understand cephalopod innovations.
2022-03-01 | GSE157549 | GEO
Project description:As a general trend in the life history of marine organisms, species inhabiting cold waters have reduced growth rates and increased lifespans. Studies based on egg sizes and brooding times of deep-sea and polar octopods support this hypothesis, but empirical data on growth are still scarce. To test the hypothesis that octopods inhabiting cold waters (< 3°C) live longer than temperate and warm water species, this study investigated size-at-age, maturation and growth rates in incirrate Antarctic octopods. Octopod age was estimated via the interpretation and quantification of beak growth increments, which in shallow water octopods have been validated to be formed on a daily basis. Specimens from the families Megaleledonidae (Adelieledone spp., Pareledone spp. and Megaleledone setebos) and Enteroctopodidae (Muusoctopus rigbyae) were collected on the shelf and slope regions off the Antarctic Peninsula during a cruise in 2012. Examined specimens included early juveniles to animals in advanced maturity. The total number of growth increments ranged from 192-599 in Pareledone aequipapillae (body mass [BM] 2-109 g), 182-431 in Pareledone charcoti (BM 5-124 g), 98-906 in M. setebos (BM 10-6000 g) and 207-425 in M. rigbyae (BM 24-256 g). After the cruise, eleven specimens of P. charcoti were kept alive in captivity for more than 12 months and these animals had 219-364 growth increments, suggesting that increment formation in this species takes longer than one day. The complex population structure (size, age and maturity range) of the specimens that were captured during a relatively short time, the number of beak increments quantified, and the preliminary validation observations indicate that Antarctic octopods do not deposit increments daily, and may have lifespans exceeding 3 years. These findings corroborate the general trend that cold water molluscs have a longer lifespan than their warm water relatives.
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Project description:Cephalopods have a remarkable visual system, with a camera-type eye, high acuity vision, and a wide range of sophisticated visual behaviors. However, the cephalopod brain is organized dramatically differently from that of vertebrates, as well as other invertebrates, and little is known regarding the cell types and molecular determinants of their visual system organization beyond neuroanatomical descriptions. Here we present a comprehensive single-cell molecular atlas of the octopus optic lobe, which is the primary visual processing structure in the cephalopod brain. We combined single-cell RNA sequencing with RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to both identify putative molecular cell types and determine their anatomical and spatial organization within the optic lobe. Our results reveal six major neuronal cell classes identified by neurotransmitter/neuropeptide usage, in addition to non-neuronal and immature neuronal populations. Moreover, we find that additional markers divide these neuronal classes into subtypes with distinct anatomical localizations, revealing cell type diversity and a detailed laminar organization within the optic lobe. We also delineate the immature neurons within this continuously growing tissue into subtypes defined by evolutionarily conserved fate specification genes as well as novel cephalopod- and octopus- specific genes. Together, these findings outline the organizational logic of the octopus visual system, based on functional determinants, laminar identity, and developmental markers/pathways. The resulting atlas presented here delineates the “parts list” of the neural circuits used for vision in octopus, providing a platform for investigations into the development and function of the octopus visual system as well as the evolution of visual processing.
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Project description:The first complete mitochondrial genome of Metasepia tullbergi has been characterized in this study. The circular mitogenome is 16182 bp in length and comprises 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The organization of these genes is highly consistent with that of other Sepiidae. The overall base composition of mitogenome is 39.20% A, 36.07% T, 8.98% G, and 15.75% C, with 75.27% AT. Phylogenetic analysis further suggests that M. tullbergi is placed within the Sepiidae and is closely related to Sepia latimanus and S. apama.
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Project description:We report two Arctic species of incirrate octopods new to science. One is formally described here as Muusoctopus aegir Golikov, Gudmundsson & Sabirov sp. nov. while the other, Muusoctopus sp. 1, is not formally described due to a limited number of samples (all are immature individuals). These two species differ from each other, and from other Muusoctopus, especially in: 1) absence of stylets (in M. aegir sp. nov.); 2) proportions of mantle and head; 3) funnel organ morphology (W-shaped with medial and marginal limbs of equal length in M. aegir sp. nov., or medial are slightly longer; V V-shaped with medial limbs slightly longer and broader than marginal in Muusoctopus sp. 1); 4) sucker and gill lamellae counts; 5) relative arm length and sucker diameter; and 6) male reproductive system relative size and morphology. Species of Muusoctopus now comprise four of 12 known Arctic cephalopods. Additionally, this study provides: a) new data on the morphology and reproductive biology of M. johnsonianus and M. sibiricus, and a diagnosis of M. sibiricus; b) the equations to estimate mantle length and body mass from beak measurements of M. aegir sp. nov. and M. johnsonianus; c) a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene barcode for M. sibiricus; d) new data on the ecology and distribution of all studied species; and e) a data table for the identification of northern North Atlantic and Arctic species of Muusoctopus.
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