Project description:Various organic and natural pesticides play a vital role in insect control, leading to variation in their protein profile (Abubakar et al., 2019; James & Xu, 2012). The sex, size, weight, and growth conditions could be the possible factors associated with fluctuations in the concentration of protein production in the cockroach (Bouchebtiet al., 2022) The current study of Perplanata americana under pesticide activity considered to observe the proteomics of Brain and protein expression under stressed conditions. 15 cockroaches were exposed to 5g of Laxman Rekha (11:1 ratio) to assess the impact of pesticide on protein synthesis. National and international research conducted on aqueous and alcoholic extraction of gut, exoskeleton and brain protein of Periplaneta spp. and Blatta spp have revealed 10 potential antibacterial proteins between 18 kDa to 72kDa range. These proteins were purified using chromatographic techniques like single dimension reducing PAGE, FPLC-MS, LC-MS, MALDI TOF-MS etc. The current study is aimed at isolation, identification and characterisation of proteins from cockroach brain tissue lysate using Liquid chromatography and Orbitrap Mass spectrometer technique. The data analysis was done using Thermo Proteome Discoverer software version 2.2. 0.388. The database used was Uniprot-Periplaneta americana.
Project description:BACKGROUND: Cockroaches have been recognized as a powerful indoor allergen. Cockroach allergy can be a major factor in serious asthma and nasal allergy. Bioinformatics tools have been developed to identify potential allergens. The present study was conducted to identify potential allergens in Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus). METHODS: The study focused on the identification of potential allergens among the characterized proteins of P. americana using web-based and publicly available allergen prediction tools that follow the FAO/WHO guidelines for prediction of allergenic proteins. P. americana protein sequences were retrieved from UniProtKB. The sequences obtained were analyzed using AlgPred. The potential allergens obtained were further analyzed by SDAP for confirmation. RESULTS: Protein sequences (233 cases) of P. americana were obtained from UniProtKB out of which 25 were known allergens. Out of the remaining 208 proteins, 102 potential allergens were predicted by AlgPred. However, only 9 were found to be potential allergens after screening with SDAP. Arginine kinases, RNA polymerase II subunit, parcxpwnx02, peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase, hemocyanin subunit type I and type II, homologue of Sarcophaga proteinase and alpha amylase were confirmed to be potential allergens by SDAP. CONCLUSION: We have identified nine potential allergens in P. americana that may be used as preliminary support for further laboratory experiments.
Project description:DNA barcoding promises to be a useful tool to identify pest species assuming adequate representation of genetic variants in a reference library. Here we examined mitochondrial DNA barcodes in a global urban pest, the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Our sampling effort generated 284 cockroach specimens, most from New York City, plus 15 additional U.S. states and six other countries, enabling the first large-scale survey of P. americana barcode variation. Periplaneta americana barcode sequences (n = 247, including 24 GenBank records) formed a monophyletic lineage separate from other Periplaneta species. We found three distinct P. americana haplogroups with relatively small differences within (?0.6%) and larger differences among groups (2.4%-4.7%). This could be interpreted as indicative of multiple cryptic species. However, nuclear DNA sequences (n = 77 specimens) revealed extensive gene flow among mitochondrial haplogroups, confirming a single species. This unusual genetic pattern likely reflects multiple introductions from genetically divergent source populations, followed by interbreeding in the invasive range. Our findings highlight the need for comprehensive reference databases in DNA barcoding studies, especially when dealing with invasive populations that might be derived from multiple genetically distinct source populations.
Project description:As a model hemimetabolous insect species and an invasive urban pest that is globally distributed, the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is of great interest in both basic and applied research. Previous studies on P. americana neuropeptide identification have been based on biochemical isolation and molecular cloning. In the present study, an integrated approach of genomics- and peptidomics-based discovery was performed for neuropeptide identification in this insect species. Using large-scale peptidomic analysis of peptide extracts from 4 different tissues (the central nervous system, corpora cardiac and corpora allata complex, midgut, and male accessory gland), 35 conserved (predicted) and a potential (novel) neuropeptides were then identified. Subsequent experiments revealed the tissue distribution, sex difference, and developmental patterns of 2 conserved neuropeptides (allatostatin B and short neuropeptide F) and a novel neuropeptide PaOGS36577. Our study shows a comprehensive neuropeptidome and detailed spatiotemporal distribution patterns, providing a solid basis for future functional studies of neuropeptides in the American cockroach.
Project description:Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play important roles in insecticide/drug resistance and stress response. Medically, GSTs of house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis) and German cockroach (Blattella germanica) are human allergens. In this study, classes, isoforms and B-cell and allergenic epitopes of GST of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, the predominant species in the tropics and subtropics were investigated for the first time. Enzymatically active native and recombinant P. americana-GSTs bound to IgE in sera of all P. americana allergic patients that were tested. By gel-based proteomics and multiple sequence alignments, the native GST comprises three isoforms of delta and sigma classes. All isoforms interacted with serum IgE of the cockroach allergic subjects. Molecularly, the protein contains six B-cell epitopes; two epitopes located at ?1-?1 and ?4-?3 regions bound to patients' serum IgE, indicating that they are allergenic. P. americana are ubiquitous and their GST can sensitize humans to allergic diseases; thus, the protein should be included in the allergen array for component resolved diagnosis (CRD) of allergic patients, either by skin prick test or specific IgE determination. The GST is suitable also as a target of environmental allergen detection and quantification for intervention of cockroach sensitization and allergic morbidity.
Project description:Ethanol extract (EE) from Periplaneta americana (PA) is the main ingredient of Kangfuxin, which is a popular traditional chinese medicine (TCM) and has long been used for the clinical treatment of burns, wounds and ulcers. We compared the wound-healing activities of three extracts of PA using cutaneous wound-healing in mice as the bioactivity model. These three extracts were EE, total polysaccharide and total protein. We also tracked bioactive fractions in the EE by organic reagent extraction, column chromatography and HPLC. Seven compounds were successfully identified from the water elution fraction of the EE of PA using UPLC-MS. Among these compounds, four compounds (P2, P3, P4, P5(1)) were first reported in PA. Some of these compounds have been previously reported to have various pharmacological activities that could contribute to the high wound-healing activity of PA.