Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to obtain the NGS-derived transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) for THP-1 macrophages, which were stimulated from phagosome with early secreted antigenic target 6-KDa (ESAT6) Methods: First we fabricated a nanocapsule enclosing ESAT6 (nESAT6) and a nanocapsule enclosing BSA (nBSA) as control. mRNA profiles of THP-1 macrophages treated with nESAT6 were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina Hiseq3000. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were first mapped to the latest UCSC transcript set using Bowtie2 (version 2.1.0). Then the gene expression level was estimated using RSEM (RNA-Seq by Expectation Maximization, v1.2.15), and normalized with TMM (trimmed mean of M-values) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the edgeR package edgeR. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, we mapped about 23 million sequence reads per sample to the human genome (GRCh38/hg38) and identified 25,343 transcripts. Conclusions: Our study represents the first detailed analysis of transcriptomes for macrophages response to ESAT6 stimulation in phagosome, generated by RNA-seq technology.
Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to obtain the NGS-derived transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) for THP-1 macrophages response to early secreted antigenic target 6-KDa (ESAT6) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Methods: mRNA profiles of THP-1 macrophages treated with ESAT6 were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina Hiseq3000. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were first mapped to the latest UCSC transcript set using Bowtie2 (version 2.1.0). Then the gene expression level was estimated using RSEM (RNA-Seq by Expectation Maximization, v1.2.15), and normalized with TMM (trimmed mean of M-values) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the edgeR package edgeR. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, we mapped about 23 million sequence reads per sample to the human genome (GRCh38/hg38) and identified 25,343 transcripts. Conclusions: Our study represents the first detailed analysis of transcriptomes for macrophages response to ESAT6, generated by RNA-seq technology.
Project description:RNA-seq identifies a distinct response in macrophages stimulated from phagosome with early secreted antigenic target 6-KDa from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Project description:The goal of this study was to look at genes that were affected by 69-kDa and/or 82-kDa ChAT proteins in IMR32 cells Experiment Overall Design: The gene expression changes of IMR32 cells stably expressing either 69-kDa or 82-kDa ChAT proteins were anaylzed and compared to control IMR32 wild type cells. 3 biological replicates were anaylzed per condition (69-kDa ChAT expressing cells, 82-kDa ChAT expressing cells, or wild type IMR32 cells) for a total of 9 samples altogether.
Project description:The goal of this study was to look at genes that were affected by 69-kDa and/or 82-kDa ChAT proteins in IMR32 cells Keywords: comparative
Project description:Human angiostrongyliasis results from accidental infection with Angiostrongylus, an intra-arterial nematode. Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections result in eosinophilic meningitis, and A. costaricensis infections cause eosinophilic enteritis. Immunological methodologies are critical to the diagnosis of both infections, since these parasites cannot be isolated from fecal matter and are rarely found in cerebrospinal fluid samples. A. costaricensis and A. cantonensis share common antigenic epitopes which elicit antibodies that recognize proteins present in either species. Detection of antibodies to a 31-kDa A. cantonensis protein present in crude adult worm extracts is a sensitive and specific method for immunodiagnosis of cerebral angiostrongyliasis. The objective of the present work was to isolate and characterize the 31-kDa proteins using soluble protein extracts derived from adult female worms using both one- (1DE) and two-dimensional (2DE) gel electrophoresis. Separated proteins were blotted onto nitrocellulose and probed using sera from infected and non-infected controls. The 31-kDa band present in 1DE gels and the 4 spots identified in 2DE gels were excised and analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Using the highest scores obtained following Mascot analysis, amino acid sequences were obtained that matched four unique proteins: tropomyosin, the 14-3-3 phosphoserine-binding protein, a protein containing a nascent polypeptide-associated complex domain, and the putative epsilon subunit of coatomer protein complex isoform 2. Oxidative cleavage of diols using sodium m-periodate demonstrated that carbohydrate moieties are essential for the antigenicity of all four spots of the 31-kDa antigen. In this article we describe the identification of the 31-kDa antigen, and provide DNA sequencing of the targets. In conclusion, these data suggest that reactivity to the 31-kDa proteins may represent antibody recognition of more than one protein, and recombinant protein-based assays for cerebral angiostrongyliasis diagnosis may require eukaryotic expression systems to maintain antigenicity.
Project description:Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a T cell Ag that is a potential vaccine candidate, but it is also a virulence factor that mediates pathogenicity. To better understand the effects of ESAT-6 on the immune response, we studied the effect of ESAT-6 on human dendritic cells (DCs). Peripheral blood monocytes were treated with GM-CSF and IL-4 to yield immature DCs, which were matured by addition of LPS and CD40 ligand (CD40L), with or without ESAT-6. ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules, reduced DC-stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-? production, and enhanced IL-17 production. ESAT-6-treated DCs also increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-? production by M. tuberculosis-specific autologous T cells. ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC production of IL-12 and enhanced that of IL-23 and IL-1?, without affecting secretion of TNF-?, IL-6, or IL-8 through specific interaction with immature DCs. The effects of ESAT-6 were not mediated through cAMP or p38 MAPK. Medium from ESAT-6-conditioned DCs increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-? production by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, and ESAT-6-induced IL-17 production was blocked by neutralizing both IL-23 and IL-1?. ESAT-6 reduced LPS/CD40L-stimulated transcription of IL-12p35 and enhanced that of IL-23p19 through inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 and upregulation of activating transcription factor-2 and c-Jun, transcriptional regulators of IL-12p35 and IL-23p19, respectively. We conclude that ESAT-6 increases DC production of IL-23 and IL-1? while inhibiting that of IL-12, thus enhancing Th17 at the expense of protective Th1 responses.
Project description:CD4 T cell responses are characterized based on a limited number of molecular markers selected from exisiting knowledge. The goal of the experiment was to assess antigenic-peptide specific T-cell responses in vitro without bias using microarrays. PBMCs were isolated from 2 donors with allergy. The cells were stimulated with antigenic peptides derived from silver birch wood and cat for 24 hours. Unstimulated cells were cultured without the peptides for 24 hours.
Project description:The remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by proteases releases fragments that promote tumor progression and metastasis. The protease cathepsin D (cath-D), a marker of poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), is aberrantly secreted in the ECM. Using degradomics, we discovered that the matricellular protein SPARC is a substrate of extracellular cath-D. In vitro, cath-D induced limited proteolysis of SPARC C-terminal extracellular Ca2+ binding domain at acidic pH, leading to the production of SPARC fragments (34-, 27-, 16-, 9-, and 6-kDa). Cath-D secreted by TNBC cells cleaved fibroblast- and cancer cell-derived SPARC at the tumor pericellular pH. SPARC cleavage also occurred in TNBC tumors. Among these fragments, the 9-kDa SPARC fragment inhibited TNBC cell adhesion and spreading, and stimulated their migration, endothelial transmigration and invasion more potently than full-length SPARC. Our study establishes a novel crosstalk between proteases and matricellular proteins in the ECM through limited proteolysis of SPARC, revealing a novel targetable 9-kDa bioactive SPARC fragment for TNBC.
Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to examine the host response with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) cells, 3D4/31 by stimulation of four antigenic epitopes of App exotoxins, ApxIA, IIA and IVA. Methods: total RNA profiles of porcine alveolar macrophage cells stimulated with ApxIA Ct, ApxIIA Nt, ApxIVA C1, ApxIVA C2 and DPBS were generated by transcriptome sequencing, in duplicate, using HiSeq4000 platform.The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed at the transcript isoform level with TopHat followed by Cufflinks. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays Results: RNA sequencing yielded 617 million 101 bp paired-end clean reads, varying from 28 to 32 million for each sample. Among the clean reads, approximately 95.24% clean reads were uniquely mapped onto the version 11.1 of the sus scrofa. Gene expression was quantified through FPKM conversion of raw reads. The 15,269 genes (mean FPKM of the 10 samples > 0) were considered as expressed in PAMs over the 30,511 gene annotations. RNA-seq data confirmed stable expression of 1 known housekeeping genes, and 5 of these were validated with qRT–PCR. RNA-seq data had a linear relationship with qRT–PCR for more than four orders of magnitude and a goodness of fit (R2) of 0.906. Conclusions: Transcriptional responses of the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) stimulated with the antigenic epitopes of ApxIA, ApxIIA, and ApxIVA were analyzed to identify the precious mechanism of Apx toxins in the host. This study will be foundational to understanding the host response by Apx toxins.