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Identification and Comparative Analysis of Differentially Expressed Chemosensory Genes in the Male and Female Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) Wax Moth

ABSTRACT: Identification and Comparative Analysis of Differentially Expressed Chemosensory Genes in the Male and Female Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) Wax Moth

PROVIDER: PRJNA421879 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR6365214_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR6365214_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR6365215_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR6365215_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR6365216_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Identification and Comparative Analysis of Differentially Expressed Chemosensory Genes in the Male and Female Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) Wax Moth

Project description:To better understand the olfactory mechanisms in G. mellonella, we established six transcriptomes from the antennae of male and female adults. A total of 226 chemosensory gene transcripts were identified, which included 36 chemosensory proteins, 52 odorant-binding proteins, 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins, 80 olfactory receptors, and 56 ionotropic receptors. The expression patterns of these genes were calculated from the estimated fragments per kilobase of transcript sequence per million fragments mapped, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to olfaction were validated by qRT-PCR. Among the 114 DEGs identified, 66 were exclusively or primarily expressed in the female antenna, whereas the rest were specifically expressed in the male antenna. These antenna-specific genes may provide useful subjects for advanced studies of their biological functions; this may provide a theoretical basis for the control of G. mellonella and the prevention of damage caused by this species using the male pheromone as a bait.

2020-12-06 | GSE107887 | GEO

Candidate chemosensory genes identified from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, through a transcriptomic analysis.

Project description:The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Galleriinae), is a ubiquitous pest of the honeybee, and poses a serious threat to the global honeybee industry. G. mellonella pheromone system is unusual compared to other lepidopterans and provides a unique olfactory model for pheromone perception. To better understand the olfactory mechanisms in G. mellonella, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis on the antennae of both male and female adults of G. mellonella using high-throughput sequencing and annotated gene families potentially involved in chemoreception. We annotated 46 unigenes coding for odorant receptors, 25 for ionotropic receptors, two for sensory neuron membrane proteins, 22 for odorant binding proteins and 20 for chemosensory proteins. Expressed primarily in antennae were all the 46 odorant receptor unigenes, nine of the 14 ionotropic receptor unigenes, and two of the 22 unigenes coding for odorant binding proteins, suggesting their putative roles in olfaction. The expression of some of the identified unigenes were sex-specific, suggesting that they may have important functions in the reproductive behavior of the insect. Identification of the candidate unigenes and initial analyses on their expression profiles should facilitate functional studies in the future on chemoreception mechanisms in this species and related lepidopteran moths.

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Modeling Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogenesis by infection of the wax moth Galleria mellonella.

Project description:The implementation of infection models that approximate human disease is essential for understanding pathogenesis at the molecular level and for testing new therapies before they are entered into clinical stages. Insects are increasingly being used as surrogate hosts because they share, with mammals, essential aspects of the innate immune response to infections. We examined whether the larva of the wax moth Galleria mellonella could be used as a host model to conceptually approximate Klebsiella pneumoniae-triggered pneumonia. We report that the G. mellonella model is capable of distinguishing between pathogenic and nonpathogenic Klebsiella strains. Moreover, K. pneumoniae infection of G. mellonella models some of the known features of Klebsiella-induced pneumonia, i.e., cell death associated with bacterial replication, avoidance of phagocytosis by phagocytes, and the attenuation of host defense responses, chiefly the production of antimicrobial factors. Similar to the case for the mouse pneumonia model, activation of innate responses improved G. mellonella survival against subsequent Klebsiella challenge. Virulence factors necessary in the mouse pneumonia model were also implicated in the Galleria model. We found that mutants lacking capsule polysaccharide, lipid A decorations, or the outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpK36 were attenuated in Galleria. All mutants activated G. mellonella defensive responses. The Galleria model also allowed us to monitor Klebsiella gene expression. The expression levels of cps and the loci implicated in lipid A remodeling peaked during the first hours postinfection, in a PhoPQ- and PmrAB-governed process. Taken together, these results support the utility of G. mellonella as a surrogate host for assessing infections with K. pneumoniae.

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Immuno-physiological adaptations confer wax moth Galleria mellonella resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis.

Project description:Microevolutionary mechanisms of resistance to a bacterial pathogen were explored in a population of the Greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, selected for an 8.8-fold increased resistance against the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) compared with a non-selected (suspectible) line. Defense strategies of the resistant and susceptible insect lines were compared to uncover mechanisms underpinning resistance, and the possible cost of those survival strategies. In the uninfected state, resistant insects exhibited enhanced basal expression of genes related to regeneration and amelioration of Bt toxin activity in the midgut. In addition, these insects also exhibited elevated activity of genes linked to inflammation/stress management and immune defense in the fat body. Following oral infection with Bt, the expression of these genes was further elevated in the fat body and midgut of both lines and to a greater extent some of them in resistant line than the susceptible line. This gene expression analysis reveals a pattern of resistance mechanisms targeted to sites damaged by Bt with the insect placing greater emphasis on tissue repair as revealed by elevated expression of these genes in both the fat body and midgut epithelium. Unlike the susceptible insects, Bt infection significantly reduced the diversity and richness (abundance) of the gut microbiota in the resistant insects. These observations suggest that the resistant line not only has a more intact midgut but is secreting antimicrobial factors into the gut lumen which not only mitigate Bt activity but also affects the viability of other gut bacteria. Remarkably the resistant line employs multifactorial adaptations for resistance to Bt without any detected negative trade off since the insects exhibited higher fecundity.

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