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Resistin-like molecule α provides vitamin A-dependent antimicrobial protection of the skin

ABSTRACT: Resistin-like molecule α provides vitamin A-dependent antimicrobial protection of the skin

PROVIDER: PRJNA428363 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR6493400.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR6493410.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR6493401.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR6493411.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR6493402.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Resistin-like molecule α provides vitamin A-dependent antimicrobial protection of the skin

Project description:The skin is the human body’s largest organ and is in contact with a diverse community of microorganisms that includes both resident and pathogenic bacteria. Skin immune defenses include the production of antimicrobial proteins that kill bacteria directly. However, we still have an incomplete understanding of how skin antimicrobial proteins promote homeostasis with resident bacterial communities and limit infection. Here, we show that resistin-like molecule α (RELMα) is an antibacterial protein that is produced by keratinocytes and sebocytes in the mouse skin. RELMα expression was induced in mouse skin by resident and pathogenic skin bacteria and was bactericidal for several bacterial species found on the skin, including Streptococcus pyogenes. Mice lacking RELMα had altered resident skin bacterial communities and were more susceptible to bacterial infection, indicating that RELMα controls bacterial colonization of the skin. RELMα expression required dietary vitamin A and could be induced by therapeutic retinoids that protected against bacterial infection in a RELMα-dependent manner. Resistin, another member of the RELM family, was expressed in human skin, required retinoids for expression, and killed skin bacteria, indicating a conserved function for RELM proteins in skin innate immunity. Our findings thus identify members of the RELM family as antibacterial proteins that provide vitamin A-dependent antimicrobial protection of the skin, and provide insight into why skin immunity requires adequate dietary vitamin A.

2019-04-30 | GSE108718 | GEO

Resistin-like Molecule α Provides Vitamin-A-Dependent Antimicrobial Protection in the Skin.

Project description:Vitamin A deficiency increases susceptibility to skin infection. However, the mechanisms by which vitamin A regulates skin immunity remain unclear. Here, we show that resistin-like molecule α (RELMα), a small secreted cysteine-rich protein, is expressed by epidermal keratinocytes and sebocytes and serves as an antimicrobial protein that is required for vitamin-A-dependent resistance to skin infection. RELMα was induced by microbiota colonization of the murine skin, was bactericidal in vitro, and was protected against bacterial infection of the skin in vivo. RELMα expression required dietary vitamin A and was induced by the therapeutic vitamin A analog isotretinoin, which protected against skin infection in a RELMα-dependent manner. The RELM family member Resistin was expressed in human skin, was induced by vitamin A analogs, and killed skin bacteria, indicating a conserved function for RELM proteins in skin innate immunity. Our findings provide insight into how vitamin A promotes resistance to skin infection.

| S-EPMC6628910 | biostudies-literature

RELMα provides sex-specific protection from obesity through macrophages and eosinophils

Project description:The obesity incidence is increasing worldwide with the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Sex differences in immune cell activation drive obesity-mediated pathologies where males are more susceptible to comorbidities with exacerbated inflammation, and females are protected. The focus of this study was to identify sex-specific immune effectors that regulate obesity pathogenesis, focusing on the M2 macrophage signature gene, Resistin-like molecule α (RELMα). Here we performed single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on visceral adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction on wildtype and RELMα knock-out animals, both males and females, on high fat diet. We utilized the 10x Genomics 3’ CellPlex platform, to label cells with cell multiplexing oligos (CMOs) per sample in each group prior to pooling for downstream barcoding and library construction. This study revealed sex-specific and RELMα-dependent cellular targets and population differences of female and RELMα-mediated protection.

2023-01-12 | GSE219119 | GEO

Capsular glycan recognition provides antibody-mediated protection against tuberculosis

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RELMα provides sex-specific protection from obesity through macrophages and eosinophils

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Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response

Project description:In innate immune responses, activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers direct antimicrobial activity against intracellular bacteria, which in murine, but not human, monocytes and macrophages is mediated principally by nitric oxide. We report here that TLR activation of human macrophages up-regulated expression of the vitamin D receptor and the vitamin D-1-hydroxylase genes, leading to induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We also observed that sera from African-American individuals, known to have increased susceptibility to tuberculosis, had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and were inefficient in supporting cathelicidin messenger RNA induction. These data support a link between TLRs and vitamin D-mediated innate immunity and suggest that differences in ability of human populations to produce vitamin D may contribute to susceptibility to microbial infection. Keywords: timecourse, cell type comparison

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Project description:Due to the destruction of the ozone layer, the ultraviolet radiation received by our skin has increased significantly. Continuous exposure to sunlight can cause damage to our skin, which can lead to photoaging and even skin cancer. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the skin of normal and UV-irradiated mice, and found that UV-irradiation caused an inflammatory response in the skin of mice. On the contrary, the inflammation of the mice injected with vitamin D was significantly reduced. Finally, we uncovered that Hmox1 and vitamin D is related to achieve the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D. This provides a strategy for skin anti-UV treatment

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A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine provides postexposure protection against Bundibugyo ebolavirus infection

Project description:A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine provides postexposure protection against Bundibugyo ebolavirus infection

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The RANBP2/Importin-7-FOXO1 axis provides superior cold protection to aid islet transplantation

Project description:The RANBP2/Importin-7-FOXO1 axis provides superior cold protection to aid islet transplantation

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