Bacteria
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA447879 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Coral reefs worldwide are facing rapid decline due to coral bleaching. However, knowledge of the physiological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of coral symbionts respond to stress is scarce. Here, metagenomic and metaproteomic approach were utilized to shed light on the changes in the composition and functions of coral symbionts during coral bleaching. The results demonstrated that coral bleaching significantly affected the composition of symbionts, with bacterial communities dominating in bleached corals. Difference analysis of gene and protein indicated that symbiont functional disturbances in response to heat stress, resulting in abnormal energy metabolism that could potentially compromise symbiont health and resilience. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the highly diverse microbial communities of coral symbionts, with beneficial bacteria provide critical services to corals in stress responses, while pathogenic bacteria drive coral bleaching. This study provides comprehensive insights into the complex response mechanisms of coral symbionts under thermal stress and offers fundamental data for future monitoring of coral health.
2023-04-17 | PXD041598 |
Project description:Coral reefs are based on the symbiotic relationship between corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. We followed gene expression of coral larvae of Acropora palmata and Montastraea faveolata after exposure to Symbiodinium strains that differed in their ability to establish symbioses. We show that the coral host transcriptome remains almost unchanged during infection by competent symbionts, but is massively altered by symbionts that fail to establish symbioses. Our data suggest that successful coral-algal symbioses depend mainly on the symbionts' ability to enter the host in a stealth manner rather than a more active response from the coral host.
2009-04-01 | GSE14923 | GEO
Project description:Coral reefs are based on the symbiotic relationship between corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. We followed gene expression of coral larvae of Acropora palmata and Montastraea faveolata after exposure to Symbiodinium strains that differed in their ability to establish symbioses. We show that the coral host transcriptome remains almost unchanged during infection by competent symbionts, but is massively altered by symbionts that fail to establish symbioses. Our data suggest that successful coral-algal symbioses depend mainly on the symbionts' ability to enter the host in a stealth manner rather than a more active response from the coral host. Acropora palmata Samples: Three biological replicates of pooled larvae from each species and condition (i.e. untreated control, inoculated with competent Symbiodinium strain, inoculated with incompetent Symbiodinium strain) for both time points were hybridized against a pooled reference. Pooled references were constructed by combining equal amounts of aRNA from all control samples from A. palmata. References were labeled with Cy3, samples with Cy5. Montastraea faveolata Samples: Three biological replicates of pooled larvae from each species and condition (i.e. untreated control, inoculated with competent Symbiodinium strain, inoculated with incompetent Symbiodinium strain) for both time points were hybridized against a pooled reference. Pooled references were constructed by combining equal amounts of aRNA from all control samples from M. faveolata. References were labeled with Cy3, samples with Cy5. Symbiodinium sp. CassKB8: competent strain Symbiodinium sp. EL1: incompetent strain Symbiodinium sp. Mf1.05b: competent strain
2010-06-20 | E-GEOD-14923 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: There is a dearth of knowledge regarding the molecular pathology of growth anomaly in corals. We investigated the gene expression profile of Montipora capitata metatranscriptomes from healthy and diseased (growth anomaly) coral colonies to elucidate differentially expressed genes. Methods: mRNA profiles of coral tissue (including symbionts) were generated from three different tissue states: healthy, affected and unaffected. Healthy tissue was collected from coral colonies not affected by growth anomaly. Affected tissue was collected from coral growth anomaly lesions. Unaffected tissue was collected from coral colonies affected by growth anomaly.
2017-06-20 | GSE97888 | GEO
Project description:Naval training exercises involving live ordnance can introduce munitions constituents (MCs) such as 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5 triazine (RDX) into the marine environment posing a potential environmental hazard to reef organisms, including corals. We developed a bioinformatic infrastructure and high-density microarray for a coral consortium and assessed the effects of RDX bioaccumulation on gene expression related to coral and endosymbiont health in the reef building coral (Acropora formosa). High-throughput sequencing and assembly of the transcriptomes for A. formosa and all eukaryotic endosymbionts yielded 189,616 unique sequences and 25,003 significant functional matches to protein-coding genes. Functional annotation and metabolic pathway associations were also developed. The bioinformatics base was transitioned to custom 15,000 probe microarrays that were used to assess RDX effects on gene expression in the A. formosa coral consortium. Coral fragments were exposed to RDX (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L) for 5d in a controlled laboratory experiment. RDX readily accumulated into coral tissues; however, bioconcentration was minimal (bioconcentration factor = 1.09-1.50). RDX caused no significant changes in zooxanthellae tissue densities, however a significant (p<0.05) 40% increase in mucocytes was observed in the 8 mg/L exposure indicating a mucosal protective response to RDX exposure. Investigation of T-RFLP profiles indicated significant differences in bacterial community composition inhabiting the coral surface microlayer of Acropora sp. between control and RDX-exposed coral as among exposure concentrations. Differential expression of transcripts increased with increasing RDX concentration where 126, 195 and 272 transcripts were differentially expressed in the 0.5, 2.0 and 8 mg/L RDX treatments, respectively. The commonality in differentially expressed transcripts (DET) among exposure concentrations ranged from 9.9 to 29.0% where the lowest commonality was observed between the most disparate RDX exposure concentrations. Increasing RDX concentrations caused an increasing proportion of the number of transcripts differentially expressed in symbionts relative to corals. Further, a trend toward decreased transcript expression in symbionts in response to increasing RDX concentration was observed where 20.0% of differentially expressed transcripts had decreased expression at the 0.5 mg/L concentration, whereas 80.4% had decreased expression at the 8 mg/L concentration. Investigation of KEGG orthology for DET indicated potential impacts of RDX on a variety of molecular pathways, predominantly in endosymbionts compared to the coral host. Prominent effects of RDX exposure on pathways included enrichment of DET involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, environmental information processing and cellular processes. Fragments of the living branched coral Acropora formosa were obtained from Oceans, Reefs and Aquaria (http://www.orafarm.com). Ten gallon aquaria were used to expose 5 coral fragments to control or RDX exposure conditions (0.49, 0.93, 1.77, 3.67 and 7.18 mg/L, measured concentrations). The microarray hybridization experiment included 3 biological replicates for the 0.5, 2, and 8 mg/L RDX conditions and 4 biological replicates for the control.
2014-03-26 | E-GEOD-27624 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Urea can serve as nitrogen source for coral holobionts and plays a cruscial role in coral calcification, although the degradation of urea by coral symbionts is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the urea utilized pathway and the responses of the Symbiodiniaceae family to urea under high temperature conditions. Genome screening revealed that all Symbiodiniaceae species contain the urease (URE) and DUR2 subunit of urea amidolyase (UAD) system. However, only three speciesCladocopium goreaui, Cladopium c92, and Symbiodinium pilosum possess a complete UAD system, including both DUR1 and DUR2. Phylogentic analyses revealed that the UAD system in Symbiodiniaceae clusters more closely with symbiotic bacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer of UAD system has occured in coral symbionts. Physiology analysis showed that the symbiodiniacean species Cladocopium goreaui, which containing both URE and UAD, grew better under urea than ammonium conditions, as indicated by higher maximum specific growth rates. Furthermore, most genes of Symbiodiniaceae involved in urea utilization appeared to be stable under various conditions such as heat stress (HS), low light density, and nitrogen deficiency, wheras in ammonium and nitrate transporters were significantly regulated. These relatively stable molecular regulatory properties support sustained urea absorption by Symbiodiniaceae, as evidenced by an increase in δ15N2-urea absorption and the decreases in δ5N-NO3-, and δ15N-NH4+ from cultural environment to Symbiodiniaceae under HS conditions. Token together, this study reveals two distinct urea utilization systems in coral ecosystem and highlights the importance of the urea cycle in coral symbionts when facing fluctuating nitrogen environment in future warming ocean.
2024-09-27 | PXD056312 | Pride
Project description:Background: Anthozoan cnidarians are amongst the simplest animals at the tissue level of organization, but are surprisingly complex and vertebrate-like in terms of gene repertoire. As major components of tropical reef ecosystems, the stony corals are anthozoans of particular ecological significance. To better understand the molecular bases of both cnidarian development in general and coral-specific processes such as skeletogenesis and symbiont acquisition, microarray analysis was carried out through the period of early development – when skeletogenesis is initiated, and symbionts are first acquired. Methodology/ Principal Findings: Of approximately 5600 unique genes represented on the microarrays, 1084 were differentially expressed (P <0.05) in comparisons between four different stages of coral development, spanning key developmental transitions. Genes of likely relevance to the processes of settlement, metamorphosis, calcification and interaction with symbionts were characterised further and their spatial expression patterns investigated using whole-mount in situ hybridisation. Conclusions/Significance: This study is the first large-scale investigation of developmental gene expression for any cnidarian, and has provided candidate genes for key roles in many aspects of coral biology, including calcification, metamorphosis and symbiont uptake. One surprising finding is that some of these genes have clear counterparts in higher animals but are not present in the closely-related sea anemone Nematostella. A second conclusion is that coral-specific processes (i.e. traits which distinguish corals from their close relatives) may be analogous to similar processes in distantly related organisms. This first large-scale application of microarray analysis demonstrates the potential of this approach for investigating many aspects of coral biology, including the effects of stress and disease. Keywords: developmental
2008-12-05 | GSE11251 | GEO
Project description:Microbial symbiotic partners, such as those associated with reef-building corals, mediate biochemical transformations that influence host performance and survival. While evidence suggests microbial community composition partly accounts for differences in coral physiology, how these symbionts affect metabolic pathways remains underexplored. We aimed to assess functional variation between coral-associated microbial partners in hospite. To this end, we characterized and compared microbial community composition and metabolomic profiles from 9 coral species. These data support and expand on previous research by demonstrating microbial communities and metabolite profiles are species-specific and are correlated to one another. Using Porites spp. as a case study, we present evidence that the relative abundance of different sub-clades of Symbiodinium and bacterial/archaeal families influence the composition of functionally important metabolites. Our data suggests that while some microbial partners benefit the union, others are more opportunistic and possibly parasitize the host. Consequently, coral partner choice likely influences cellular metabolic activities and, therefore, holobiont nutrition.
2017-08-01 | MTBLS342 | MetaboLights