A high-throughput screening strategy identifies regulators of alternative splicing via interaction with RNA G-quadruplexes
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA451406 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR7056222_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7056222_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7056223_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7056223_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7056224_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:RNA secondary structures have been increasingly reported to serve critical regulatory roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. RNA G-quadruplex secondary structures can serve as cis-elements to recruit splicing factors and regulate alternative RNA splicing. We recently showed that RNA G-quadruplexes play a critical regulatory role in regulating alternative splicing during the epithelial mesenchymal transition. Due to the critical role alternative splicing plays in human health and disease, an unmet need exists to identify small molecule modulators of alternative splicing. In this study, we performed high-throughput screening using a dual-output splicing reporter to identify small molecules capable of regulating alternative splicing by interacting with RNA secondary structure G-quadruplexes. We identify emetine and its analog cephaeline as small molecules that denature RNA G-quadruplexes in a sequence and location independent manner to modify alternative splicing. Transcriptome analysis reveals that treatment with emetine globally regulates alternative splicing, including events associated with exon-proximal G-quadruplexes. These data suggest a critical role for emetine and cephealine as splicing regulators with the selective ability to disrupt RNA G-quadruplex-associated alternative splicing in vivo.
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Project description:The cell surface receptor, Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and has been carefully examined for its functional role in carcinogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target. However, little is known about the upstream molecular pathways that regulate EpCAM expression. To elucidate the mechanisms by which EpCAM expression is controlled, we designed a combinatorial screening strategy that utilized pooled shRNA gene knockdown with magnetically-activated cell separation for selection of cells with reduced EpCAM protein expression on the cell surface. The pooled RNAi screen was analyzed by comparing EpCAM-enriched and EpCAM-depleted cell populations for shRNA abundance using competitive hybridization to microarrays. Our RNAi screen and further validation efforts revealed that at least four genes (GRM1, SLITRK5, EFNA5, and IL23A) are important for EpCAM expression in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR8. Further investigations into the ephrin ligand, EFNA5, suggest that its activation by the Eph receptor, EPHA4, contributes to the regulation of EpCAM expression via a reverse signaling mechanism. Our screening strategy revealed novel mechanisms for the regulation of EpCAM expression and provides insight into the biology of this cancer-associated gene. Importantly, this study also demonstrates the utility of pooled RNAi screening in the identification of genes required for the regulation of cell surface protein expression. Two condition experiment; EpCAM-Bound or EpCAM-Unbound OVCAR8 cells vs Reference population of transduced cells without phenotypic selection; biological triplicate
2011-12-01 | E-GEOD-32985 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Alternative splicing has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in a number of human disorders. However, the discovery of compounds that target the splicing reaction has been hindered by the lack of suitable high-throughput screening assays. Conversely, the effects of known drugs on the splicing reaction are mostly unclear and not routinely assessed. We have developed a two-color fluorescent reporter for cellular assays of exon inclusion that can accommodate nearly any cassette exon and minimizes interfering effects from changes in transcription and translation. We used microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) exon 10, whose missplicing causes frontotemporal dementia, to test the reporter in screening libraries of known bioactive compounds. These screens yielded several compounds that alter the splicing of the exon, both in the reporter and in the endogenous MAPT mRNA. One compound, digoxin, has long been used in the treatment of heart failure, but was not known to modulate splicing. The positive compounds target different signal transduction pathways, and microarray analysis shows that each compound affects the splicing of a different set of exons in addition to MAPT exon 10. Our results identify currently prescribed cardiotonic steroids as modulators of alternative splicing and demonstrate the feasibility of screening for drugs that alter exon inclusion.
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Project description:The cell surface receptor, Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and has been carefully examined for its functional role in carcinogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target. However, little is known about the upstream molecular pathways that regulate EpCAM expression. To elucidate the mechanisms by which EpCAM expression is controlled, we designed a combinatorial screening strategy that utilized pooled shRNA gene knockdown with magnetically-activated cell separation for selection of cells with reduced EpCAM protein expression on the cell surface. The pooled RNAi screen was analyzed by comparing EpCAM-enriched and EpCAM-depleted cell populations for shRNA abundance using competitive hybridization to microarrays. Our RNAi screen and further validation efforts revealed that at least four genes (GRM1, SLITRK5, EFNA5, and IL23A) are important for EpCAM expression in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR8. Further investigations into the ephrin ligand, EFNA5, suggest that its activation by the Eph receptor, EPHA4, contributes to the regulation of EpCAM expression via a reverse signaling mechanism. Our screening strategy revealed novel mechanisms for the regulation of EpCAM expression and provides insight into the biology of this cancer-associated gene. Importantly, this study also demonstrates the utility of pooled RNAi screening in the identification of genes required for the regulation of cell surface protein expression.
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Project description:G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical DNA secondary structures formed through the self-association of guanines. They are distributed genome-widely and participate in multiple biological processes including gene transcription, and quadruplex-targeted ligands serve as potential therapeutic agents for DNA-targeted therapies. However, the roles of G-quadruplexes in transcriptional regulation remains elusive. Here, we establish a sensitive G4-CUT&Tag method for genome-wide profiling of native G-quadruplexes with high resolution and specificity. We find that native G-quadruplex signals are cell-type specific and are associated with transcriptional regulatory elements with active epigenetic modifications. Promoter-proximal RNA polymerase II pausing promotes native G-quadruplex formation, oppositely, G-quadruplex stabilization by quadruplex-targeted ligands globally reduces RNA polymerase II occupancy at gene promoters as well as nascent RNA synthesis. Moreover, G-quadruplex stabilization modulates chromatin states and impedes transcription initiation via inhibiting the loading of general transcription factors to promoters.Together, these studies reveal a reciprocal regulation between native G-quadruplex dynamics and gene transcription in the genome, which will deepen our knowledge of G-quadruplex biology towards considering therapeutically targeting G-quadruplexes in human diseases.
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Project description:In vitro, some RNAs can form stable four-stranded structures known as G-quadruplexes. Although RNA G-quadruplex structures have been implicated in post-transcriptional gene regulation and diseases, direct evidence for quadruplex formation in cells has been lacking. Here, we developed a suite of methods that identify RNAs with quadruplex-forming ability and measure their folding state in living cells. Applying these methods to mammalian cell lines, the budding yeast S. cerevisiae and several bacteria, we characterized the folding landscapes of RNA G-quadruplexes in these species.
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