Stegodyphus species
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA453114 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR7062695_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7062695_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7062696_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7062696_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Comparative genomics of convergent social evolution in spiders
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Project description:Whole genome sequencing of 8 species in Stegodyphus spiders
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Project description:Spiders are renowned for their efficient capture of flying insects using intricate aerial webs. How the spider nervous systems evolved to cope with this specialized hunting strategy and various environmental clues in an aerial space remains unknown. Here, we report a brain cell atlas of >30,000 single-cell transcriptomes from a web-building spider (Hylyphantes graminicola). Our analysis revealed the preservation of ancestral neuron types in spiders, including the potential coexistence of noradrenergic and octopaminergic neurons, and many peptidergic neuronal types that are lost in insects. By comparing the genome of two newly sequenced plesiomorphic burrowing spiders with three aerial web-building spiders, we found that the positively selected genes in the ancestral branch of web-building spiders were preferentially expressed (42%) in the brain, especially in the three mushroom body-like neuronal types. By gene enrichment analysis and RNAi experiments, these genes were suggested to be involved in the learning and memory pathway and may influence the spiders’ web-building and hunting behavior. Our results provide key sources for understanding the evolution of behavior in spiders and reveal how molecular evolution drives neuron innovation and the diversification of associated complex behaviors.
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Project description:Comparative study of the genomic consequences of social evolution
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Stegodyphus mimosarum is a candidate model organism belonging to the class Arachnida in the phylum Arthropoda. Studies on the biology of S. mimosarum over the past several decades have consisted of behavioral research and comparison of gene sequences based on the assembled genome sequence. Given the lack of systematic protein analyses and the rich source of information in the genome, we predicted the relationships of proteins in S. mimosarum by bioinformatics comparison with genome-wide proteins from select model organisms using gene mapping. RESULTS:The protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of 11 organisms were integrated from four databases (BioGrid, InAct, MINT, and DIP). Here, we present comprehensive prediction and analysis of 3810 proteins in S. mimosarum with regard to interactions between proteins using PPI data of organisms. Interestingly, a portion of the protein interactions conserved among Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Drosophila melanogaster were found to be associated with RNA splicing. In addition, overlap of predicted PPIs in reference organisms, Gene Ontology, and topology models in S. mimosarum are also reported. CONCLUSIONS:Addition of Stegodyphus, a spider representative of interactomic research, provides the possibility of obtaining deeper insights into the evolution of PPI networks among different animal species. This work largely supports the utility of the "stratus clouds" model for predicted PPIs, providing a roadmap for integrative systems biology in S. mimosarum.
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Project description:Spiders are a highly diverse group of arthropods that occur in most habitats on land. Notably, spiders have significant ecological impact as predators because of their extraordinary prey capture adaptations, venom and silk. Spider venom is among the most heterogeneous animal venoms and has pharmacological applications, while spider silk is characterized by great toughness with potential for biomaterial application. We describe the genome sequences of two spiders representing two major taxonomic groups, the social velvet spider Stegodyphus mimosarum (Araneomorphae), and the Brazilian white-knee tarantula Acanthoscurria geniculata (Mygalomorphae). We annotate genes using a combination of transcriptomic and in-depth proteomic analyses. The genomes are large (2.6 Gb and 6 Gb, respectively) with short exons and long introns and approximately 50% repeats, reminiscent of typical mammalian genomes. Phylogenetic analyses show that spiders and ticks are sister groups outgrouped by mites, and phylogenetic dating using a molecular clock dates separation of velvet spider and tarantula at 270 my. Based on the genomes and proteomes, we characterize the genetic basis of venom and silk production of both species in detail. Venom protein composition differs markedly between the two spiders, with lipases as the most abundant protein in the velvet spider and present only at low concentration in tarantula. Venom in both spiders contains proteolytic enzymes, and our analyses suggest that these enzymes target and process precursor peptides that subsequently mediate the toxic effects of venom. Complete analysis of silk genes reveal a diverse suite of silk proteins in the velvet spider including novel types of spidroins, and dynamic evolution of major ampullate spidroin genes, whereas silk protein diversity in tarantula is far less complex. The difference in silk proteins between species is consistent with a more complex silk gland morpholgy and use of three-dimentional capture webs consisting of multiple silk types in aranomorph spiders.
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