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Mobile PEAR transcription factors integrate hormone and miRNA cues to prime cambial growth

ABSTRACT: Mobile PEAR transcription factors integrate hormone and miRNA cues to prime cambial growth

PROVIDER: PRJNA474028 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Mobile PEAR transcription factors integrate hormone and miRNA cues to prime cambial growth

Project description:In addition to apical growth, plants undergo radial growth to increase girth, a particularly prominent feature in trees. During both apical and radial growth the phytohormones auxin and cytokinins form symmetries that govern further growth patterns. But whereas the gene regulatory networks interpreting the hormonal fields during apical growth are well established, such networks are not known for the radial growth. We show here that the initiation of radial growth occurs around early protophloem sieve element (PSE) cell files of the root procambial tissue in Arabidopsis. In this domain cytokinin signalling promotes expression of a pair of novel mobile transcription factors, PHLOEM EARLY DOF (PEAR1, PEAR2) and their four homologs (OBP2, DOF6, TMO6 and HCA2), collectively called PEAR proteins. The PEAR proteins form a short-range concentration gradient peaking at PSE and activating gene expression that promotes radial growth. The expression and function of PEAR proteins are antagonized by well-established polarity transcription factors, HD-ZIP III, whose expression is concentrated in the more internal domain of radially non-dividing procambial cells by the function of auxin and mobile miR165/166. The PEAR proteins locally promote transcription of their inhibitory HD-ZIP III genes, thereby establishing a negative feedback loop that forms a sharp boundary demarking the zone of cell divisions. Taken together, we have established a network, in which the PEAR - HD-ZIP III module integrates the spatial information of the hormonal domains and miRNA gradients during root procambial development, to provide a pre-pattern with actively dividing and more quiescent zones, thus priming radial growth.

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Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insights into anthocyanin and procyanidin accumulation in pear

Project description:Background: Pear is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Anthocyanins and procyanidins (PAs) are important secondary metabolites that affect the appearance and nutritive quality of pear. However, few studies have focused on the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear. Results: We conducted metabolome and transcriptome analyses to identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation in young fruits of the pear cultivar ‘Clapp Favorite’ (CF) and its red mutation cultivar ‘Red Clapp Favorite’ (RCF). Gene–metabolite correlation analyses revealed a ‘core set’ of 20 genes that were strongly correlated with 10 anthocyanin and seven PA metabolites. Of these, PcGSTF12 was confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation by complementation of the tt19-7 Arabidopsis mutant. Interestingly, PcGSTF12 was found to be responsible for the accumulation of procyanidin A3, but not petunidin 3, 5-diglucoside, opposite to the function of AtGSTs in Arabidopsis. Transformation with PcGSTF12 greatly promoted or repressed genes involved in anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis, regulation, and transport. Electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays confirmed positive regulation of PcGSTF12 by PcMYB114. Conclusion: These findings identify a core set of genes for anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear. Of these, PcGSTF12 was confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation. Our results also identified an important anthocyanin and PA regulation node comprising two core genes, PcGSTF12 and PcMYB114. These results provide novel insights into anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear and represent a valuable data set to guide future functional studies and pear breeding.

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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals New Insight into Russeting of the Semi-Russeted ‘Cuiguan’ Pear Variety

Project description:We carried out the transcriptome analysis to identify the key genes involved in pear fruit semi-russet formation, by comparing the CK (russet) and bagging treated (green) ‘Cuiguan’ pear fruit skin 95 DAFB.

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Project description:A custom oligoarray of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) based on 9,812 independent ESTs from different tissues (fruits at various growth stages, vegetative and flower tissues) was designed and used for comprehensive investigation of gene expression before and during ripening (105 to 147 days after full bloom). Gene expression in fruit development of Japanese pear was measured from 105 to 147 days after full bloom (DAFB). 147 DAFB is the optimum maturity for eating. Two to three independent experiments were performed at each time (105 to 147 DAFB) using different trees for each experiment.

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