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Gut-Resident IL10+CX3CR1hi Macrophages Induce Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and IgA Response in Situ

ABSTRACT: Gut-Resident IL10+CX3CR1hi Macrophages Induce Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and IgA Response in Situ

PROVIDER: PRJNA497440 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR8075550.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR8075560.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR8075570.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR8075580.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR8075590.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Gut-Resident IL10+CX3CR1hi Macrophages Induce Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and IgA Response in Situ

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Project description:The presence of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) is associated with positive clinical outcomes and responses to immunotherapy in cancer. Here, we used spatial transcriptomics to examine the nature of B cell responses within TLS in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). B cells were enriched in TLS, and therein, we could identify all B cell maturation stages toward plasma cell (PC) formation. B cell repertoire analysis revealed clonal diversification, selection, expansion in TLS, and the presence of fully mature clonotypes at distance. In TLS+ tumors, IgG- and IgA-producing PCs disseminated into the tumor beds along fibroblastic tracks. TLS+ tumors exhibited high frequencies of IgG-producing PCs and IgG-stained and apoptotic malignant cells, suggestive of anti-tumor effector activity. Therapeutic responses and progression-free survival correlated with IgG-stained tumor cells in RCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, intratumoral TLS sustains B cell maturation and antibody production that is associated with response to immunotherapy, potentially via direct anti-tumor effects.

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Gut-resident CX3CR1hi macrophages induce tertiary lymphoid structures and IgA response in situ.

Project description:Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are composed of heterogeneous dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage subsets necessary for the initiation of immune response and control of inflammation. Although MPs in the normal intestine have been extensively studied, the heterogeneity and function of inflammatory MPs remain poorly defined. We performed phenotypical, transcriptional, and functional analyses of inflammatory MPs in infectious Salmonella colitis and identified CX3CR1+ MPs as the most prevalent inflammatory cell type. CX3CR1+ MPs were further divided into three distinct populations, namely, Nos2+CX3CR1lo, Ccr7+CX3CR1int (lymph migratory), and Cxcl13+CX3CR1hi (mucosa resident), all of which were transcriptionally aligned with macrophages and derived from monocytes. In follow-up experiments in vivo, intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages were superior to conventional DC1 (cDC1) and cDC2 in inducing Salmonella-specific mucosal IgA. We next examined spatial organization of the immune response induced by CX3CR1+ macrophage subsets and identified mucosa-resident Cxcl13+CX3CR1hi macrophages as the antigen-presenting cells responsible for recruitment and activation of CD4+ T and B cells to the sites of Salmonella invasion, followed by tertiary lymphoid structure formation and the local pathogen-specific IgA response. Using mice we developed with a floxed Ccr7 allele, we showed that this local IgA response developed independently of migration of the Ccr7+CX3CR1int population to the mesenteric lymph nodes and contributed to the total mucosal IgA response to infection. The differential activity of intestinal macrophage subsets in promoting mucosal IgA responses should be considered in the development of vaccines to prevent Salmonella infection and in the design of anti-inflammatory therapies aimed at modulating macrophage function in inflammatory bowel disease.

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