Project description:The basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus has been known as radiation resistant fungi and is found in highly radioactive environments such as the damaged nuclear reactor at Chernobyl. Although Cryptococcus exhibits greater resistant for gamma radiation than the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the resistant mechanism of gamma radiation remains elusive. To elucidate a unique regulatory system for radiation-resistance in C. neoformans, we performed genome-wide comparative analysis through DNA microarray analysis using C. neoformans WT strain (serotype A, H99 strain) responding gamma radiation. Based on the transcriptome analysis, genes involved in DNA damage repair systems (RAD51, RDH54, and RAD54) were significantly increased in response to gamma radiation. Actually, rad54∆ and rdh54∆ mutants exhibited sensitivity against both gamma radiation and DNA damage inducers. Furthermore, genes regarding to molecular chaperone and ubiquitination systems were strongly induced. In contrast, expression levels of genes related to protein synthesis, fatty acids/sterols synthesis, and other cellular molecules. Especially, ergosterol homeostasis is required for gamma radiation resistance. Furthermore, radiation-induced genes such as RIG4, RIG5, and RIG6 in C. neoformans play critical roles in gamma radiation resistance. Taken together, the transcriptome analysis contributes to understanding unique molecular mechanism of radiation-resistant fungus C. neoformans.
Project description:The basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus has been known as radiation resistant fungi and is found in highly radioactive environments such as the damaged nuclear reactor at Chernobyl. Although Cryptococcus exhibits greater resistant for gamma radiation than the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the resistant mechanism of gamma radiation remains elusive. To elucidate a unique regulatory system for radiation-resistance in C. neoformans, we performed genome-wide comparative analysis through DNA microarray analysis using C. neoformans WT strain (serotype A, H99 strain) responding gamma radiation. Based on the transcriptome analysis, genes involved in DNA damage repair systems (RAD51, RDH54, and RAD54) were significantly increased in response to gamma radiation. Actually, rad54â?? and rdh54â?? mutants exhibited sensitivity against both gamma radiation and DNA damage inducers. Furthermore, genes regarding to molecular chaperone and ubiquitination systems were strongly induced. In contrast, expression levels of genes related to protein synthesis, fatty acids/sterols synthesis, and other cellular molecules. Especially, ergosterol homeostasis is required for gamma radiation resistance. Furthermore, radiation-induced genes such as RIG4, RIG5, and RIG6 in C. neoformans play critical roles in gamma radiation resistance. Taken together, the transcriptome analysis contributes to understanding unique molecular mechanism of radiation-resistant fungus C. neoformans. To elucidate transcriptome change during recovery process post irrdiation, samples were taken at three time interval (30 min, 60 min, and 120 min). The three independent DNA microarry with three independent biological replicates were analyzed to obtain high reliability.
Project description:We performed comparative RNA sequencing of the early (4 hrs) dose response (0.5 – 200 cGy whole body dose, 10 dose levels) of the mouse aorta to proton and gamma radiation. Total-body proton radiation of conscious animals was performed using a proton beam produced by a cyclotron system, while total-body gamma radiation of animals was performed using a Caesium-137 gamma source. A trend analysis identified genes that showed a dose response, using data permutation to estimate a false discovery rate (q-value) for each gene. We identified 29 and 194 genes (q-value ≤ 0.1) that were upregulated with increasing doses of proton and gamma radiation, respectively. No genes were down-regulated. While fewer genes were dose-responsive to proton radiation, the magnitude of the effect was greater than with gamma radiation. These highly responsive genes were enriched for pathways involved in the response to DNA damage, apoptosis, cellular stress and inflammation (p < 0.01). Gamma radiation responsive genes included the same pathways, but extended to genes in vasculature specific pathways. Genes responsive to both radiation types (19 genes at q-value ≤ 0.1) showed almost perfectly superimposable dose-response relationships. We observed the same superimposable dose response relationship of gamma and proton radiations in a subset of genes validated by quantitative PCR not only in the aorta but also in liver, lung, heart and kidney. Despite a relative similar relative biological effectiveness of protons and gamma photons and the activation of canonical radiation response pathways by both radiation types, we detected marked differences in the genomic response. It seems plausible that these genomic differences translate into differences in the biological processes leading to cardiovascular pathologies.
Project description:In the summer of 2012, one year after the 3.11 accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant following the Great Tohoku Earthquake, a project was initiated to examine the effects of low-level gamma radiation on rice plants. The site of the experiment was the highly contaminated Iitate village in Fukushima prefecture of Japan. The basic experimental strategy was to expose healthy rice seedlings to continuous low-dose gamma radiation and examine the morphological and molecular genetic changes therien. Selected gene expression profiles of internal control, DNA replication/repair, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and defense/stress functions were examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results revealed that low-level gamma radiation affects the expression of numerous genes, in particular showing the early (6 h) induction in DNA repair/damage-related genes and the late (72 h) induction of a previously described marker gene for defense/stress responses. Based on these results, which confirmed our data from preliminary experiments using detached rice leaves for radiation exposure, we proceeded for DNA microarray analysis. Using the established dye-swap approach, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes at 6 and 72 h time points using a whole rice genome 4 x 44 K custom chip. Obtained results showed that exposure to low-level gamma radiation differentially regulated 4481 (induced) and 3740 (suppressed) and 2291 (induced) and 1474 (suppressed) rice leaf genes at 6 and 72 h post-exposure, respectively, by at least two-fold changes. MapMan bioinformatics tool was also used to produce diagrams of the potential pathways, based on the input gene expression data of highly changed genes, operating downstream of the gamma radiation perception by rice plant.Inventory of a large number of gamma radiation-responsive genes in leaves provide new information and increased knowledge on novel regulatory processes in rice. The highly contaminated Iitate Farm (ITF), which is located 31 Km from the damaged nuclear power plant and having a background radiation level over 100 times (~ 5 microSv/h) than normal, was the designated place for the re-examination of low-level gamma radiation experiments using rice as a model system. As our group had a decade of experience and data on the effects of gamma radiation on leaf segments, the experimental was designed in such a way so as to expose whole rice plants to gamma radiation being emitted from the contaminated ground and examine the morphological and molecular genetic changes in the leaves under a dose-dependent manner.
Project description:Spirosoma montaniterrae DY10T is an uncharacterized radiation-resistanct bacteria isolated from soil in South Korea. In order to identify the underlying mechanisms involved in UVC-resistance, we generated time-series transcriptome data with UVC radiation and analyzed data with computational methods.
Project description:This study aims to investigate dose-dependent transcriptomic responses of Daphnia magna after chronic exposure to gamma radiation. RNA sequecing was performed after 4 days and 8 days exposure. Differentially expressed genes and major pathways enriched were characerized to provide insights into the chronic effects of gamma radiation.
Project description:Here, male and female B6C3F1 mice were given single or fractionated whole-body exposure(s) to a monoenergetic carbon ion radiotherapy beam at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan, matching the radiation quality delivered to the normal tissue ahead of the tumour volume. These mice were then monitored for the remainder of their lifespan and a large number of T cell lymphomas were analysed, alongside those arising in mice exposed to equivalent doses of standard Cs137 gamma ray-irradiation. Using genome-wide DNA copy number analysis to identify genomic loci involved in radiation-induced lymphomagenesis and subsequent detailed analysis of Notch1, Ikaros, Pten, Trp53 and Bcl11b genes we compared the genetic profile of the carbon ion- and gamma ray-induced tumours. The canonical set of genes previously associated with radiation-induced T cell lymphoma was identified in both radiation groups. While the pattern of disruption of the various pathways was somewhat different between the radiation types, most notably Pten mutation frequency and loss of heterozygosity flanking Bcl11b, the most striking finding was the observation of large interstitial deletions at various sites across the genome in carbon ion-induced tumours, which were only seen infrequently in the gamma ray-induced tumours analysed.
Project description:Bacterial cells lacking pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) were sensitive to gamma radiation as compared to wild type cells. Deinococcus radiodurans genome encode for five putative PQQ binding STK domain-containing proteins. The comparison of gamma radiation response of all five-deletion mutants with wild type suggested that dr2518 mutant was hypersensitive to gamma radiation as compared to wild type and other mutants. DR2518 is an auto kinase. Hence, the effect of dr2518 mutation on cellular response of Deinococcus radiodurans R1, to DNA damage and subsequently to its genome functions under both normal and post irradiation growth condition was further examined. Transcriptome analysis of dr2518 mutant grown under normal conditions and post-irradiated cells was done and compared with wild type cells. Mutant lacking dr2518 become extremely sensitive to gamma radiation and complete arrest in DSB repair. These cells were therefore checked for gene expression profile in native growth and gamma irradiated growth conditions
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of mammary tissue irradiated at 10 weeks of age with either 100 cGy sparsely ionizing gamma-rays, or 10 cGy or 30 cGy densely ionizing radiation (350 MeV/amu Si). Mammary tissue was collected 1 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks post-irradiation. Four radiation treatment groups: sham, 100 cGy sparsely ionizing gamma-rays, 10 cGy or 30 cGy densely ionizing radiation (350 MeV/amu Si). Three time points post-irradiation (1, 4, and 12 weeks). Three or four replicates per time point.
Project description:S. aureus was exposed to gamma radiation at an irradiation dose of 100 Gy, and its descendant were cultured under normal conditions. Protein identification and quantification of unirradiated, irradiated, and descendant of irradiated S. aureus were performed using DIA proteomic technology to obtain protein abundance profiles for each group. Combined with biological experiments, further functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed to explore the effect of gamma radiation on the pathogenicity of S. aureus.