Project description:To determine lncRNAs transcribed during the polarization of macrophages, we have employed whole genome microarray expression profiling as a discovery platform to identify lncRNAs expression in mouse primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with M1 (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and M2 (IL-4) stimulators.
Project description:By utilizing a series of specific modulating M2 macrophages polarization models, 3872 up-regulated and 3091 down-regulated genes were found during the polarization process.
Project description:The proteasome is a central regulatory hub for intracellular signaling by degrading numerous signaling mediators. Immunoproteasomes are specialized types of proteasomes known to be involved in shaping adaptive immune responses, but their role for innate immune signaling is elusive. Here, we analyzed immunoproteasome function for polarization of alveolar macrophages which are highly specialized tissue macrophages of the alveolar surface of the lung. Classical activation (M1 polarization) of primary alveolar macrophages by LPS/IFNγ transcriptionally induced all three immunoproteasome subunits LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1. In contrast, IL-4 triggered alternative (M2) activation was accompanied by posttranscriptional upregulation of LMP2 and LMP7. Accordingly, immunoproteasome activity increased in M1 cells, and to some extent under M2 conditions. Analyzing the polarization capability from LMP7 deficient mice revealed no effect on the LPS/IFNγ triggered M1 profile, but uncovered a distorted M2 profile for IL-4 stimulated LMP7-/- alveolar macrophages as characterized by increased M2 marker gene expression and CCL17 cytokine release. This shift in immunoproteasome-dependent M2 polarization was accompanied by amplified AKT/STAT6 activation and IRF4 expression in LMP7-/- alveolar macrophages. IL-13 stimulation of LMP7 deficient cells induced a similar M2 skewed profile and IL4Rα protein expression was generally elevated in LMP7-/- alveolar macrophages, indicating that amplified IL4R signaling in immunoproteasome defective cells may contribute to augmented M2 polarization. Importantly, treatment with an LMP7-specific proteasome inhibitor recapitulated the findings of genetic LMP7 inactivation. Our results thus suggest a novel role of immunoproteasome function for regulating innate immune function of macrophages by limiting IL4R expression and signaling. Expression data of M0 and M2 macrophages derived from Lmp7 k.o. and control animals
Project description:Brown and beige fats generate heat via uncoupled respiration to defend against cold, mechanistically, through the action of a network of transcription factors and cofactors. Here we globally profiled long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) gene expression during thermogenic adipocyte formation and identified Brown fat lncRNA 1 (Blnc1) as a novel nuclear lncRNA that promotes brown and beige adipocyte differentiation and function by forming a feedforward regulatory loop with EBF2 to drive adipogenesis toward thermogenic phenotype. LncRNAs expression were measured in BAT and WAT from mice injected saline/CL and during brown adipocyte differentiation with two replicates using Arraystar Mouse LncRNA microarray V2.0
Project description:To systematically identify lncRNAs involved in muscle cell differentiation, the lncRNA microarrays was used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs during C2C12 cells differentiation (Proliferation myoblast and 2, 5, 8 days after differentiation, represented by D0, D2, D5 and D8. respectively)
Project description:Endothelial cells and macrophages are known to engage in tight and specific interactions that contribute to the modulation of vascular function. Here we show that adult endothelial cells provide critical signals for the selective growth and differentiation of macrophages from several types of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The process features the formation of well-organized colonies that exhibit progressive differentiation from the center to the periphery and towards an M2-like phenotype, characterized by enhanced expression of Tie2 and CD206/Mrc1. These colonies are long-lived as long as the contact with the endothelium is maintained; removal of the endothelial monolayer results in rapid dissolution of the macrophage colonies. Not only the maintenance but also the formation of the colonies is strictly dependent on endothelial contact. We further found that M-CSF produced by the endothelium is critical for the expansion of the macrophage colonies and that blockade of M-CSF receptor impairs colony growth. Functional analyses indicate that these macrophages are capable of accelerating angiogenesis, promoting tumor growth and effectively engaging in tight associations with endothelial cells in vivo. These findings uncover a critical role of endothelial cells in the induction of macrophage differentiation and their ability to promote further polarization towards a proangiogenic phenotype. 8 samples were sequenced: bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) were stimulated with LPS, IL4, or none. Colony cells induced by endothelial cells for 7 days. Each was duplicated.
Project description:To investigate the function OGT in the regulation of M2 polarization of macrophages, we established IL-4-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from mice of wild-type control or Lyz2-Cre/Loxp-mediated knockout of OGT. We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of wild-type (WT) and OGT-knockout (OGT-KO) macrophages at two time points during IL-4 (20ng/μl) sitmulation.
Project description:NK cells and pulmonary macrophages both are important components of innate immunity. The interaction between NK cells and pulmonary macrophages during Chlamydia muridarum(C. muridarum)respiratory infections is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effect of NK cells on regulation of pulmonary macrophage function during chlamydial lung infection. We found that NK depletion led to polarization of pulmonary macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype, and this related to significantly reduced miR-155 expression in pulmonary macrophage. Using adoptive transfer approach, we found that the recipient mice receiving lung macrophages isolated from C. muridarum-infected NK-cell-depleted mice exhibited an increased bacterial load and severe inflammation in the lung upon chlamydial challenge when compared with the recipients of lung macrophages from infected IgG -treated mice. Herein, the effects of NK cells on macrophage polarization were examined in vitro. We found that NK cells from chlamydial-infected mice (iNK) significantly induced M1 polarization compared to that from sham-infected mice (uNK). Inhibition of miR-155 expression in macrophages attenuated M1 polarization induced by iNK, while miR-155 over-expression enhanced it. Furthermore, neutralization of IFN-γ in the coculture system decreased the expression of miR-155 by macrophages, and resulted in diminished M1 polarization induced by iNK cells. The data indicates that NK cells direct M1 polarization through up-regulation of miR-155 by IFN-γ production, and NK-regulated macrophage polarization is functionally relevant to host defense against chlamydial infection.