Aberrant phase separation of transcription factors in human developmental disorders
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA528953 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR10752852_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10752852_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10752853_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10752853_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10752854_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Components of the transcription machinery can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, but the functional importance of phase-separated condensates in transcriptional control is not well understood. Here we report that disease-causing mutations in several transcription factors (TFs) alter the phase separation capacity of those TFs. We first demonstrate that the Hoxd13 TF, and its intrinsically disordered N-terminus form phase-separated condensates. Expansions of a polyalanine repeat, which cause hereditary synpolydactyly in humans, facilitate phase separation of Hoxd13, and alter the transcriptional program of several cell types in a cell-specific manner in vivo. Disease-associated expansions of aminoacid repeats in intrinsically disordered regions of other TFs were similarly found to alter phase separation. These results suggest that aberrant phase separation of transcriptional regulators may underlie a spectrum of human pathologies. The paper is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.018
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Project description:Chromosome translocation is known to generate oncogenes such as SS18-SSX1, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that enhanced phase separation acquired by translocation mediates oncogenic transformation. SSX fusion dramatically enhances the phase separation property of SS18 protein through H2AK119ub. Super condensates generated by SS18-SSX recruit acetyltransferases CBP/P300 as wild type SS18, but exclude HDACs such that H3K27ac accumulates abnormally at loci from those normally occupied by SS18, resulting aberrant silencing and activation of target genes. Consistently, we show that inhibition of H3K27ac can attenuate the tumorigenicity of the fusion oncoprotein. These results provide the first case for phase separation as a transforming event to generate oncogene and super phase separation can be targeted for cancer therapy.
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Project description:Chromosome translocation is known to generate oncogenes such as SS18-SSX1, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that enhanced phase separation acquired by translocation mediates oncogenic transformation. SSX fusion dramatically enhances the phase separation property of SS18 protein through H2AK119ub. Super condensates generated by SS18-SSX recruit acetyltransferases CBP/P300 as wild type SS18, but exclude HDACs such that H3K27ac accumulates abnormally at loci from those normally occupied by SS18, resulting aberrant silencing and activation of target genes. Consistently, we show that inhibition of H3K27ac can attenuate the tumorigenicity of the fusion oncoprotein (we do not have the data in your figures?). These results provide the first case for phase separation as a transforming event to generate oncogene and super phase separation can be targeted for cancer therapy.
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Project description:Development of cancer is intimately associated with genetic abnormalities that target proteins with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). In human hematological malignancies, recurrent chromosomal translocation of nucleoporin (NUP98 or NUP214) generates an aberrant chimera that invariably retains nucleoporin?s IDR, tandemly dispersed phenylalanine-and-glycine (FG) repeats. However, it remains elusive how unstructured IDRs contribute to oncogenesis. We show that IDR harbored within NUP98-HOXA9, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor (TF) chimera recurrently detected in leukemias, is essential for establishing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) puncta of chimera and for inducing leukemic transformation. Strikingly, LLPS of NUP98-HOXA9 not only promotes chromatin occupancy of chimera TFs but is also required for formation of a broad, ?super-enhancer?-like binding pattern, typically seen at a battery of leukemogenic genes, potentiating their transcriptional activation. Artificial HOX chimera (FUS-HOXA9), created by replacing NUP98?s FG repeats with an unrelated LLPS-forming IDR of FUS, had similar enhancement effects on chimera?s genome-wide binding and target gene activation. Hi-C mapping further demonstrated that phase-separated NUP98-HOXA9 induces CTCF-independent chromatin looping enriched at proto-oncogenes. Together, this report describes a proof-of-principle example wherein cancer acquires mutation to establish oncogenic TF condensates via phase separation, which simultaneously enhances their genomic targeting and induces organization of aberrant three-dimensional chromatin structure during tumorous transformation. As LLPS-competent molecules are frequently implicated in diseases, this mechanism can potentially be generalized to many malignant and pathological settings.
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