Hepatic arginase deficiency fosters dysmyelination during postnatal CNS development
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PROVIDER: PRJNA545740 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Deficiency of arginase is associated with hyperargininemia, and unlike the other disorders of the urea cycle, the major mechanism of metabolism of nitrogen in terrestrial mammals, are characteristic and prominent features that include spastic diplegia/tetraplegia, clonus, and hyperreflexia; loss of ambulation, intellectual disability and progressive neurological decline are other signs. To gain greater insight into the unique neuromotor features, we performed gene expression profiling of the motor cortex of a well-characterized murine model of the disorder. Co-expression network analysis suggested an abnormality with myelination, which was supported by limited existing human data. Utilizing electron microscopy, marked dysmyelination was detected in 2-week-old homozygous ARG1 knockout mice. The corticospinal tract was found to be adversely affected, supporting dysmyelination as the cause of the unique neuromuscular features and implicating oligodendrocyte impairment in a deficiency of hepatic ARG1. Following neonatal hepatic gene therapy to express ARG1, the subcortical white matter, pyramidal tract, and corticospinal tract all showed a remarkable recovery in terms of myelinated axon density and ultrastructural integrity with active wrapping of axons by nearby oligodendrocyte processes. These findings support the following conclusions: first, arginase deficiency is a leukodystrophy affecting the brain and spinal cord while sparing the peripheral nervous system; and second, neonatal AAV hepatic gene therapy can rescue the defects associated with myelinated axons, strongly implicating the functional recovery of oligodendrocytes after restoration of hepatic arginase activity. These findings support the consideration of early restoration of hepatic arginase activity in those afflicted with arginase deficiency.
2019-06-01 | GSE132058 | GEO
Project description:Deficiency of arginase is associated with hyperargininemia, and prominent features include spastic diplegia/tetraplegia, clonus, and hyperreflexia; loss of ambulation, intellectual disability and progressive neurological decline are other signs. To gain greater insight into the unique neuromotor features, we performed gene expression profiling of the motor cortex of a murine model of the disorder. Coexpression network analysis suggested an abnormality with myelination, which was supported by limited existing human data. Utilizing electron microscopy, marked dysmyelination was detected in 2-week-old homozygous Arg1-KO mice. The corticospinal tract was found to be adversely affected, supporting dysmyelination as the cause of the unique neuromotor features and implicating oligodendrocyte impairment in a deficiency of hepatic Arg1. Following neonatal hepatic gene therapy to express Arg1, the subcortical white matter, pyramidal tract, and corticospinal tract all showed a remarkable recovery in terms of myelinated axon density and ultrastructural integrity with active wrapping of axons by nearby oligodendrocyte processes. These findings support the following conclusions: arginase deficiency is a leukodystrophy affecting the brain and spinal cord while sparing the peripheral nervous system, and neonatal AAV hepatic gene therapy can rescue the defects associated with myelinated axons, strongly implicating the functional recovery of oligodendrocytes after restoration of hepatic arginase activity.
| S-EPMC6777909 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Elevation of arginase enzyme activity in the lung contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases and infections. Inhibition of arginase expression and activity is able to alleviate those effects. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of arginase inhibitor in C. neoformans infection. In the pulmonary cryptococcosis model that was shown to recapitulate human infection, we found arginase expression was excessively induced in the lung during the late stage of infection. To inhibit the activity of arginase, we administered a specific arginase inhibitor, nor-NOHA, during C. neoformans infection. Inhibition of arginase reduced eosinophil infiltration and level of IL-13 secretion in the lungs. Whole lung transcriptome RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that treatment with nor-NOHA resulted in shifting the Th2-type gene expression patterns induced by C. neoformans infection to the Th1-type immune profile, with higher expression of cytokines Ifng, Il6, Tnfa, Csf3, chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 and transcription factor Stat1. More importantly, mice treated with arginase inhibitor had more infiltrating brain leukocytes and enhanced gene expression of Th1-associated cytokines and chemokines that are known to be essential for protection against C. neoformans infection. Inhibition of arginase dramatically attenuated spleen and brain infection, with improved survival. Taken together, these studies demonstrated that inhibiting arginase activity induced by C. neoformans infection can modulate host immune response by enhancing protective type-1 immune response during C. neoformans infection. The inhibition of arginase activity could be an immunomodulatory target to enhance protective anti-cryptococcal immune responses.
2024-04-06 | GSE255160 | GEO
Project description:Most available knowledge on fungal arginine metabolism is derived from studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which arginine catabolism is initiated by releasing urea via the arginase reaction. Orthologs of the S. cerevisiae genes encoding the first three enzymes in the arginase pathway were cloned from Kluyveromyces lactis and shown to functionally complement the corresponding deletion in S. cerevisiae. Surprisingly, deletion of the single K. lactis arginase gene KlCAR1 did not completely abolish growth on arginine as nitrogen source. Growth rate of mutant strongly increased during serial transfer in shake-flask cultures. A combination of RNAseq-based transcriptome analysis and 13C-15N-based flux analysis was used to elucidate the arginase-independent pathway. Isotopic 13C15N-enrichment in ?-aminobutyrate revealed succinate as the entry point in the TCA cycle of the alternative pathway. Transcript analysis combined with enzyme activity measurements indicated increased expression in the Klcar1? mutant of a guanidinobutyrase (EC.3.5.3.7), an enzyme not previously demonstrated in fungi. Expression of the K. lactis KLLA0F27995g (renamed KlGBU1) encoding guanidinobutyrase enabled S. cerevisiae to use guanidinobutyrate as sole nitrogen source and its deletion in K. lactis almost completely abolish growth on this nitrogen source. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this enzyme activity is widespread in fungi. The goal of the present study was to characterize arginine catabolism in K. lactis. To this end, CAR1, CAR2 and PRO3 orthologs in K. lactis were identified and functionally analysed by deletion, expression in S. cerevisiae and enzyme activity assays. Since deletion of the arginase gene in K. lactis was found not to completely abolish growth on arginine as a sole nitrogen source, the alternative pathway for arginine catabolism operating in this yeast was studied by a combination of transcriptome analysis, 13C and 15N isotope-based flux analysis and enzyme activity assays in cell extracts. To investigate arginine metabolism in the arginase-negative K. lactis strain, strains GG1632 (Klku80? KlCAR1 reference strain) and IMS0367 (Klcar1? Arg+) were grown in aerobic bioreactor batch cultures on glucose chemically defined medium with arginine as sole nitrogen source. RNA sequencing of samples taken during the exponential phase of growth on glucose-arginine media of the reference strain G1631 and the arginase less strain IMS0367 were compared resulting in the characterization of a new function.
2014-07-16 | E-GEOD-56060 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Increased arginase 2 protein expression is associated with endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension, likely by impairing NO production secondary to substrate availability. Hypoxia induces arginase 2 protein expression contributing to pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. Non-specific arginase inhibitors have been shown to prevent experimental pulmonary hypertension in animal models. RNA was isolated from whole lung tissue from adult (12-14 weeks) arginase 2 wild type and KO mice exposed to 21% O2 or 10% O2 for 28 days. Animals were sacrificed and the lungs collected and stored at -80°C . Total RNA was isolated with Trizol and used for RNA-seq. RNA-seq results indicate notable differentially expressed gene transcripts were evident in the Arg2 WT and Arg2 KO lungs. There were 25 unique transcripts identified (>2-fold change, p < 0.001) between the normoxia and hypoxia-exposed Arg2 WT. Interestingly, there was significantly greater differences in the Arg2 KO mice exposed to hypoxia compared to normoxia, with 188 unique transcripts (>2-fold change, p < 0.001) identified by RNA seq.
2020-05-01 | GSE131425 | GEO
Project description:DDR2 regulates collagen production by CAFs in the tumor microenvironment by controlling the transcription of arginase 1, and CAFs are a major source of arginase activity and L-arginine metabolites in ovarian cancer models. We aimed to determine which cell populations are DDR2 and Arg1 positive in the ID8 p53-/- BRCA2-/- tumor model
2023-11-20 | GSE242830 | GEO
Project description:CD4 T cell intrinsic Arginase 1 controls the kinetics of Th1 induction and contraction
2023-06-05 | GSE229775 | GEO
Project description:We studied the differential gene expression in the gastric cell line AGS infected with wild type (WT) or arginase gene mutant (rocF) Helicobacter pylori (Hp). We found that the presence of the gene regulates the inflammatory responses in terms of IL8 and MIP-1B. We conclude that arginase may be involved in regulating inflammatory responses which improves the chances of survival against the human immune response. AGS cells were infected for 16 hours with WT, the rocF, or a complemented H. pylori strain (rocF+). The RNA was extracted with TRIzol, treated with DNAse I (both from invitrogen). cRNA was made with the Illumina TotalPrep RNA amplification Kit (ambion AMIL1791).
2013-06-15 | E-GEOD-39919 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We studied the differential gene expression in the gastric cell line AGS infected with wild type (WT) or arginase gene mutant (rocF) Helicobacter pylori (Hp). We found that the presence of the gene regulates the inflammatory responses in terms of IL8 and MIP-1B. We conclude that arginase may be involved in regulating inflammatory responses which improves the chances of survival against the human immune response.
2013-06-15 | GSE39919 | GEO
Project description:We deleted Arginase 1 in myeloid cells in a spontaneous pancreatic cancer mouse model. We sequenced the spontaneous pancreatic tumor generated by an 11-month-old KF mouse (Ptf1aFlpO/+;KrasFrt-STOP-Frt-G12D/+) and an 11-month-old KFCA mouse (Ptf1aFlpO/+;KrasFrt-STOP-Frt-G12D/+;LysMcre;Arg1f/f). Single cell RNA sequencing revealed macrophage reprogramming and increase CD8+ T cell infiltration upon deletion of Arginase 1 in myeloid cells.
2023-02-13 | GSE203016 | GEO