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Comparative genomics reveals unique wood-decay strategies and fruiting body development in the Schizophyllaceae

ABSTRACT: Comparative genomics reveals unique wood-decay strategies and fruiting body development in the Schizophyllaceae

PROVIDER: PRJNA549244 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR9310010_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR9310010_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR9310001_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR9310001_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR9310011_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Comparative genomics reveals unique wood-decay strategies and fruiting body development in the Schizophyllaceae

Project description:Agaricomycetes produce the most efficient enzyme systems to degrade wood and the most complex morphological structures in the fungal kingdom. Despite decades-long interest in their genetic bases, the evolution and functional diversity of both wood-decay and fruiting body formation are incompletely known.Here, we perform comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of wood-decay and fruiting body development in Auriculariopsis ampla and Schizophyllum commune (Schizophyllaceae), species with secondarily simplified morphologies and enigmatic wood-decay strategy and weak pathogenicity to woody plants. The plant cell wall degrading enzyme repertoires of Schizophyllaceae are transitional between those of white rot species and less efficient wood-degraders such as brown rot or mycorrhizal fungi. Rich repertoires of suberinase and tannase genes were found in both species, with tannases restricted to Agaricomycetes that preferentially colonize bark-covered wood, suggesting potential complementation of their weaker wood-decaying abilities and adaptations to wood colonization through the bark. Fruiting body transcriptomes of A. ampla and S. commune revealed a high rate of divergence in developmental gene expression, but also several genes with conserved developmental expression, including novel transcription factors and small-secreted proteins, some of the latter might represent fruiting body effectors. Taken together, our analyses highlighted novel aspects of wood-decay and fruiting body development in a widely distributed family of mushroom-forming fungi.

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Functional transcriptomics reveal distinct combat strategies between lineages of wood-degrading fungi with redundant wood decay mechanisms

Project description:Wood-degrading fungi vary in their strategies for deconstructing wood, and their competitive successes shape the rate and fate of carbon released from wood, Earth’s largest pool of aboveground terrestrial carbon. In this study, one-on-one interspecific interactions between two model brown rot (carbohydrate-selective) fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia (Postia) placenta, were studied on wood wafers where a clearly resolved interaction zone (IZ) could be generated, reproducibly. Comparative RNAseq and proteomics between the IZ and non-interacting hyphae of each species identified combative strategies for each fungus. Glycoside hydrolases were a relatively smaller portion of the interaction secretome compared to non-interacting hyphae. The interaction zone showed higher pectinase specific activity than all other sampling locations, and higher laminarinase specific activity (branched β‐glucan proxy) was seen in the IZ secretome relative to equivalent hyphae in single‐species cultures. Our efforts also identified two distinct competitive strategies in these two fungi with a shared nutritional mode (brown rot) but polyphyletic ancestral lineages. Gloeophyllum trabeum (Gloeophyllum clade) employed secondary metabolite (SM) synthesis in response to a competitor, as shown by the upregulation of several SM-synthesizing genes in the interaction. R. placenta (Antrodia clade) instead upregulated a larger variety of uncharacterized oxidoreductases in interacting hyphae, suggesting that an oxidative burst may be a response to competitors in this fungus. Both species produced several hypothetical proteins exclusively in the interaction zone, leaving abundant unknowns on the battlefield. This work supports the existence of multiple interaction strategies among brown rot fungi and highlights the functional diversity among wood decay fungi.

2020-05-22 | GSE151023 | GEO

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Functional transcriptomics reveal distinct combat strategies between lineages of wood-degrading fungi with redundant wood decay mechanisms

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Metabolic responses of two pioneer wood decay fungi to diurnally cycling temperature

Project description:1. Decomposition of lignin-rich wood by fungi drives nutrient recycling in woodland ecosystems. Fluctuating abiotic conditions are known to promote the functioning of ecological communities and ecosystems. In the context of wood decay, fluctuating temperature increases decomposition rates. Metabolomics, in tandem with other ‘omics tools, can highlight the metabolic processes affected by experimental treatments, even in the absence of genome sequences and annotations. Globally, natural wood decay communities are dominated by the phylum Basidiomycota. We examined the metabolic responses of Mucidula mucida, a dominant constituent of pioneer communities in beech branches in British woodlands, and Exidia glandulosa, a stress-selected constituent of the same communities, in response to constant and diurnally cycling temperature. 2. We applied untargeted metabolomics and proteomics to beech wood blocks, colonised by M. mucida or E. glandulosa and exposed to either diurnally cycling (mean 15 ± 10°C) or constant (15°C) temperature, in a fully factorial design. 3. Metabolites and proteins linked to lignin breakdown, the citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and protein biosynthesis and turnover were under-enriched in fluctuating, compared to stable temperatures, in the generalist M. mucida. Conversely E. glandulosa showed little differential response to the experimental treatments. 4. Synthesis. By demonstrating temperature dependant metabolic signatures related to nutrient acquisition in a generalist wood decay fungus, we provide new insights into how abiotic conditions can affect community-mediated decomposition and carbon turnover in forests. We show that mechanisms underpinning important biogeochemical processes can be highlighted using untargeted metabolomics and proteomics in the absence of well-annotated genomes.

2021-05-17 | ST001805 | MetabolomicsWorkbench

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