Project description:Branching morphogenesis is a basic way of the kinds of complex organs’ development including lungs, kidneys, thyroid glands and salivary glands.1 Submandibular gland (SMG) development is a classic model to reveal the mechanism of branching morphogenesis and it also provides novel approaches to tissue engineering for salivary glands regenerating or for creating artificial salivary glands.And for murine salivary glands’ development, two main components are formed, epithelial and mesenchyme. The elongation and branch of epithelial make up the main process of its development which supported by mesenchymal secretion.This processes are controlled by many factors like growth factors, hormones and miRNAs etc.567 All these factors play different roles in the branching morphogenesis of mouse salivary glands. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a pivotal factor of them and it has a huge impact on SMG development through its action on the mesenchyme. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression during the branching morphogenesis and identified distinct classes of up/down-regulated genes during this process.
Project description:Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), a bone induction factor, belongs to the TGF-β superfamily, and more than 15 types of BMP family molecules have been reported in mammals. They are known to enhance osteoblast differentiation and their osteogenic effects, and also promote differentiation into chondrocytes. While the effects of BMPs on hard tissues are varied and numerous reports have been reported, only a few have reported the effects of BMPs on salivary glands. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of BMP-2 in the formation of salivary glands.
Project description:The aim of this study is characterize the gene expression of rat parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands, providing basic information for the salivary marker proteins.
Project description:Salivary glands are composed of several types of cells, and each cell type is predicted to be involved in the carcinogenesis of different types of cancers. In this study, we performed single nucleus RNA-seq on 3 human salivary gland samples to clarify the gene expression profile of each complex cellular component of the salivary glands.
Project description:Comparative genomic hybridization was performed to compare levels of gDNA in third instar salivary glands of Drosophila mutants/nulls in the SuUR and orc proteins, compared with 0-2hr diploid embryo gDNA. This illustrates regions of differential replication in the genome.
Project description:Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease posing a threat to the public health globally. Rabies virus (RABV) is excreted in the saliva of infected animals, and is primarily transmitted through bite contact. Salivary glands play an important role for virus propagation. However, the significance of salivary glands is less studied in RABV pathogenic mechanisms. To identify functionally important genes in the salivary glands, we employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to establish and analyze mRNA expression profiles in parotid tissue infected with two RABV strains, CVS-11 and PB4. We map the transcriptome changes in response to RABV infection in parotid tissue for the first time. This work provides new clues to the study of RABV-affected salivary gland function and RABV transmission mechanisms in parotid tissue. And the salivary gland-enriched transcripts could be potential targets of interest for rabies disease control.
Project description:In order to select genes that are differentially expressed in salivary glands during Ixodes ricinus infection by Bartonella henselae we compare the transcriptome of infected and non-infected salivary glands
Project description:Comparative genomic hybridization was performed to compare levels of gDNA in third instar salivary glands of Drosophila mutants/nulls in the SuUR and orc proteins, compared with 0-2hr diploid embryo gDNA. This illustrates regions of differential replication in the genome. CGH of salivary gland DNA compared with diploid early embryonic samples for four different Drosophila strains
Project description:Although the salivary transcriptome of adult mosquitoes has been thoroughly described in several recent papers, very little information exists regarding the biological role of larval salivary glands in the Culicidae. We used whole-transcriptome Affymetrix® chips to compare the transcriptional profiles of Anopheles gambiae larval (L4) salivary glands and whole larvae. We identified a total of 277 transcripts as being significantly enriched in the salivary glands. Based on available annotation for the known or predicted protein sequences encoded by these transcripts, 41 were identified as corresponding to secreted proteins, 233 as corresponding to non-secreted (housekeeping) proteins, and 3 as encoding proteins of unknown function. Based on functional annotation of the putatively secreted gene products, we propose that larval salivary secretions have roles in nutrient digestion, detoxification, immunity, and mouthpart lubrication. Interestingly, several components of the larval saliva (e.g. apyrase and serine proteases) have also been reported to exist in adult female saliva, where they are though to help regulate a vertebrate hostâs immune response to bloodfeeding. In conclusion, our results suggest that the salivary glands are important components of both the digestive and immune systems of larval mosquitoes, and that their study might provide clues about the evolution of adaptations to bloodfeeding observed in adults. Experiment Overall Design: We attempted to identify transcripts that are both present and significantly enriched in the salivary glands (SG) of the 4th instar Anopheles gambiae larva. Transcripts were considered as present in the SG if the built-in Affymetrix detection call scored them as such in all three biological replicates of the experiment. Expression values (i.e. signal intensities) of transcripts from the salivary glands were compared to those of a matching group of whole 4th instar larvae using a t-test. Transcripts showing an expression value two-fold or higher (p < 0.01; false discovery rate=1%) in the SG as compared to whole larvae were considered to be significantly enriched.
Project description:Recent work indicates that salivary glands are able to constitutively recruit CD8+ T cells and retain them as tissue resident memory T cells (TRM), independently of local infection, inflammation or antigen. To understand the mechanisms supporting T cell recruitment to the salivary gland, we compared T cell migration to the salivary gland in mice infected or not with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), a herpesvirus that infects the salivary gland and promotes the accumulation of salivary gland TRM. We found that acute MCMV infection increased rapid T cell recruitment to the salivary gland, but that equal numbers of activated CD8+ 44 T cells eventually accumulated in both infected and uninfected glands. T cell recruitment to uninfected salivary glands depended on chemokines and the integrin α4. Several chemokines were expressed in the salivary glands of both infected and uninfected mice and many of these could promote the migration of MCMV-specific T cells in vitro. MCMV infection increased expression of chemokines that interact with the receptors CXCR3 and CCR5, but neither receptor was needed for T cell recruitment to the salivary gland during MCMV infection. Unexpectedly however, the chemokine receptor CXCR3 was critical for T cell accumulation in uninfected salivary glands. Together, these data suggest that CXCR3 and the integrin α4 mediate T cell recruitment to uninfected salivary glands, but that redundant mechanisms mediate T cell recruitment after MCMV infection.