Exaiptasia pallida
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA575811 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR10255100_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10255100_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10255101_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10255101_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10255102_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Many aquatic invertebrates are associated with surfaces, adhering permanently to the substratum or using adhesives for locomotion, prey capture, reproduction, building or defence. Their intriguing and sophisticated biological glues have been the focus of study for decades. In all but a couple of cases, however, the precise mechanisms by which the bioadhesives stick to surfaces underwater and (in many cases) harden have proved to be elusive.Here we have used SWATH LC-MS/MS to analyse the footprint of Exaiptasia pallida and compared it to the protein composition of the foot (the part of the animal's body producing and secreting the adhesive substances), and the whole animal body, to identify the proteins involved in the process of bioadhesion.
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Project description:BackgroundBiological adhesion (bioadhesion), enables organisms to attach to surfaces as well as to a range of other targets. Bioadhesion evolved numerous times independently and is ubiquitous throughout the kingdoms of life. To date, investigations have focussed on various taxa of animals, plants and bacteria, but the fundamental processes underlying bioadhesion and the degree of conservation in different biological systems remain poorly understood. This study had two aims: 1) To characterise tissue-specific gene regulation in the pedal disc of the model cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida, and 2) to elucidate putative genes involved in pedal disc adhesion.ResultsFive hundred and forty-seven genes were differentially expressed in the pedal disc compared to the rest of the animal. Four hundred and twenty-seven genes were significantly upregulated and 120 genes were significantly downregulated. Forty-one condensed gene ontology terms and 19 protein superfamily classifications were enriched in the pedal disc. Eight condensed gene ontology terms and 11 protein superfamily classifications were depleted. Enriched superfamilies were consistent with classifications identified previously as important for the bioadhesion of unrelated marine invertebrates. A host of genes involved in regulation of extracellular matrix generation and degradation were identified, as well as others related to development and immunity. Ab initio prediction identified 173 upregulated genes that putatively code for extracellularly secreted proteins.ConclusionThe analytical workflow facilitated identification of genes putatively involved in adhesion, immunity, defence and development of the E. pallida pedal disc. When defence, immunity and development-related genes were identified, those remaining corresponded most closely to formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), implicating ECM in the adhesion of anemones to surfaces. This study therefore provides a valuable high-throughput resource for the bioadhesion community and lays a foundation for further targeted research to elucidate bioadhesion in the Cnidaria.
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Project description:Emergence of the symbiotic lifestyle fostered the immense diversity of all ecosystems on Earth, but symbiosis plays a particularly remarkable role in marine ecosystems. Photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts power reef ecosystems by transferring vital nutrients to their coral hosts. The mechanisms driving this symbiosis, specifically those which allow hosts to discriminate between beneficial symbionts and pathogens, are not well understood. Here, we uncover that host immune suppression is key for dinoflagellate endosymbionts to avoid elimination by the host using a comparative, model systems approach. Unexpectedly, we find that the clearance of non-symbiotic microalgae occurs by non-lytic expulsion (vomocytosis) and not intracellular digestion, the canonical mechanism used by professional immune cells to destroy foreign invaders. We provide evidence that suppression of TLR signalling by targeting the conserved MyD88 adapter protein has been co-opted for this endosymbiotic lifestyle, suggesting that this is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism exploited to facilitate symbiotic associations ranging from coral endosymbiosis to the microbiome of vertebrate guts.
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