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ATRA enhances differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells into esophageal epithelium

ABSTRACT: ATRA enhances differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells into esophageal epithelium

PROVIDER: PRJNA590881 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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ATRA enhances differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells into esophageal epithelium

Project description:We developed a method for the differentiation of hiPSCs into esophageal epithelium cells.

2020-08-03 | GSE140767 | GEO

ASCL2 is a key regulator of the proliferation-differentiation equilibrium in the esophageal epithelium

Project description:The esophagus is protected from the hostile environment by a stratified epithelium, which renews rapidly. Homeostasis of this epithelium is ensured by a rare population of stem cells in the basal layer: Keratin 15+ (Krt15+) cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating their distinct features, namely self-renewal, potency, and epithelial regeneration. Achaete-Scute Family BHLH Transcription Factor 2 (ASCL2) is strongly upregulated in Krt15+ stem cells and is known to contribute to stem cell maintenance in other tissues. Herein, we investigated the role of ASCL2 in maintaining homeostasis under normal and stress conditions in the esophageal epithelium. ASCL2 overexpression severely dysregulated cell differentiation and cell fate. Proliferation was also reduced due potentially to a blockage in the G1 phase of the cell cycle or an induction of quiescence. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed alterations in several proteins associated with differentiation and cell cycle. In addition, overexpression of ASCL2 enhanced resistance to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Overall, these results denoted the role of ASCL2 as a key regulator of the proliferation-differentiation equilibrium in the esophageal epithelium.

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Project description:We identified spatially restricted transcription factors and found SOX15 expression confined to stratified esophageal epithelium, with attenuation in Barrett's esophagus. SOX15 binds esophagus-specific loci and its loss in human esophageal cells affected esophagus-specific transcripts

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Generation of esophageal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells and their use to study human development

Project description:Tracheoesophageal disorders and diseases are prevalent in humans such that an organoid model of human esophagus could be greatly beneficial. We therefore established a three-dimensional esophageal organoid culture system through the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We identified that sequential manipulation of several signaling pathways resulted in patterning of definitive endoderm to dorsal anterior foregut spheroids (dAFGs). Outgrowth of dAFGs for 1-2 months resulted in human esophageal organoids (HEOs) with a stratified squamous epithelium comparable to a late gestation mouse embryonic esophagus. These 1 and 2 month old HEOs were harvested for RNA to transcriptionally profile and compare them to profiles of esophageal tissue biopsies and keratinocytes. We then used HEOs and mouse embryos to identify how SOX2 mediates separation of the esophageal and respiratory lineages and found that loss of endodermal Sox2 results in complete esophageal agenesis. Using a SOX2 CRISPR interference iPS line, we generated dorsal and ventral anterior foregut progenitors (by manipulating BMP signaling) with or without SOX2-knockdown. At the transcriptional level, SOX2 acts to promote esophageal specification in both mice and humans in part by inhibiting Wnt signaling in the dorsal AFG and promoting survival of esophageal epithelium. In addition to this use of hPSC-derived esophageal organoids to study development, HEOs can be used for future studies of esophageal pathologies, such as Barrett’s metaplasia and carcinoma.

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Project description:To investigate gene expression signature of the human esophageal epithelium at the homeostatic and inflammatory conditions we performed scRNAseq on the human esophageal biopsies obtained from the healhy patients, patients with active eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and patients in the remission.

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Gene expression profiling of Barrett's esophagus, adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma

Project description:The aim of this study is to generate and validate biomarkers to stratify patients with Barrett’s esophagus in terms of risk for developing cancer. We studied gene expression profiling in 69 frozen specimens, consisting of esophageal squamous epithelium from 19 healthy subjects, 20 specimens from patients with Barrett’s esophagus and 21 cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma, 9 cased of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by whole genome microarray analysis. Laser capture microdissection technique was applied to procure cells from defined regions of Barrett’s esophagus metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Microarray results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in an independent cohort consisting of 42 cases. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies to two selected target molecules on a third independent cohort of 36 specimens, consisting of 36 cases. A total of 1176 genes were associated significantly with esophageal adenocarcinoma. The expression pattern of a 4 gene signature with the highest discriminant score based on linear discriminant analysis (GeneSpring GX10.2), was identified and validated by qRT-PCR in independent cohort. Gene expression profiling of 20 specimens of Barrett's esophagus patients, 21 specimens of adenocarcinoma patients and 19 biopsies from patients with normal esophageal squamous epithelium, 9 specimens of squamous cell carcinoma were studied.

2011-10-31 | E-GEOD-26886 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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