Project description:The Fusarium incarnatum strain K23, originally isolated from a habit-adapted wild plant Thapsia species, colonized the roots and shoots of tomato seedlings and protected them against salt stress. Comparison of expression and metabolite profile changes uncovered that the fungus completely reprogramed the tomato response to salt stress. Barely any overlap was observed among the genes and metabolites which are regulated by salt stress in uncolonized and colonized tomato seedlings. In colonized seedlings exposed to salt stress, less stress- related genes are activated than in un-colonized seedlings. Furthermore, K23 produced gibberellin and gibberellin-responsive genes were detected in all RNA samples. Our analysis demonstrates that K23 colonisation completely alters the salt-responsive gene and metabolite profiles in tomato seedlings.
Project description:Impact of silicon supply on accumulation of proteins from Trifolium incarnatum L and from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv trifolii (T354) in nodules of Trifolium incarnatum L cultivated under nitrogen deficiency conditions. For each modality, the nodules were separated from the root and their proteins extracted and analysed by mass spectrometry. The proteins of each species were analysed separately, and Trifolium proteins were used for GO enrichment, while Rhizobium proteins were classified manually using their Uniprot functions (due to the absence of a specific database).
Project description:The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) is shown to encompass 33 phylogenetic species, across a wide range of habitats/hosts around the world. Here, 77 pathogenic and endophytic FIESC strains collected from China were studied to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within FIESC, based on a polyphasic approach combining morphological characters, multi-locus phylogeny and distribution patterns. The importance of standardised cultural methods to the identification and classification of taxa in the FIESC is highlighted. Morphological features of macroconidia, including the shape, size and septum number, were considered as diagnostic characters within the FIESC. A multi-locus dataset encompassing the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal gene with the two flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS), translation elongation factor (EF-1α), calmodulin (CAM), partial RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1) and partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), was generated to distinguish species within the FIESC. Nine novel species were identified and described. The RPB2 locus is demonstrated to be a primary barcode with high success rate in amplification, and to have the best species delimitation compared to the other four tested loci.
Project description:The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) is a phylogenetically species-rich complex that includes over 30 cryptic phylogenetic species, making identification based on phenotypic characters problematic. Several established Fusarium species known to reside in the FIESC lack type material, further complicating the use of Latin binomials for this complex. To overcome this problem, an informal classification system based on a haplotype nomenclature was introduced to improve communication between researchers in various fields. However, some conflicts in the application of this nomenclature system have arisen. To date, 16 phylo-species in the FIESC have been provided with Latin binomials with approximately 18 FIESC phylo-species still lacking Latin binomials, the majority of which reside in the Incarnatum clade. The aim of this study is to introduce Latin binomials for the unnamed FIESC phylo-species based on phylogenetic inference supported by phenotypic characters. The three-gene (calmodulin, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit and translations elongation factor 1-alpha) phylogenetic inference resolved 47 lineages, of which 44 belonged to the FIESC. The F. camptoceras species complex (FCAMSC) is introduced here for three lineages that are distinct from the FIESC. Epitypes are designated for F. compactum, F. incarnatum and F. scirpi, and a neotype for F. camptoceras. Latin binomials are provided for 20 of these newly resolved phylo-species in the FIESC.
Project description:Gloeostereum incarnatum is a precious edible mushroom that is widely grown in Asia and known for its useful medicinal properties. Here, we present a high-quality genome of G. incarnatum using the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing platform. The G. incarnatum genome, which is the first complete genome to be sequenced in the family Cyphellaceae, was 38.67 Mbp, with an N50 of 3.5 Mbp, encoding 15,251 proteins. Based on our phylogenetic analysis, the Cyphellaceae diverged ~174 million years ago. Several genes and gene clusters associated with lignocellulose degradation, secondary metabolites, and polysaccharide biosynthesis were identified in G. incarnatum, and compared with other medicinal mushrooms. In particular, we identified two terpenoid-associated gene clusters, each containing a gene encoding a sesterterpenoid synthase adjacent to a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme. These clusters might participate in the biosynthesis of incarnal, a known bioactive sesterterpenoid produced by G. incarnatum. Through a transcriptomic analysis comparing the G. incarnatum mycelium and fruiting body, we also demonstrated that the genes associated with terpenoid biosynthesis were generally upregulated in the mycelium, while those associated with polysaccharide biosynthesis were generally upregulated in the fruiting body. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of the medicinal properties of G. incarnatum, laying a framework for future characterization of bioactive proteins and pharmaceutical uses of this fungus.