Project description:P. yezoensis is an economically important marine crop and highly used seafood in China containing a high number of proteiP. yezoensis is an economically important marine crop and highly used seafood in China containing a high number of proteins. An oomycete, known as Pythium porphyrae, causes the red rot disease that seriously damages Pyropia farms every year in China, Korea, and Japan. To investigate the pathogen responsive proteins after the artificial infection of Pyropia with (P. porphyrae) oomycetes spores, an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was performed. A total of 762 differentially expressed proteins (DEP’s) were identified from which 378 proteins were highly expressed and 284 proteins were found to be low expressed. A large number of differentially expressed proteins were identified, which are involved in disease stress, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthetic activity, and amino acid pathways as annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KEGG database. Our results showed that Pyropia resisted infection by inhibiting photosynthesis, energy and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, as supported by the change in the expression level of related proteins. Thus, the current research data provide an overall summary of the red algae response to pathogen infection. The present study could assist in a better understanding of the mechanisms behind infection resistance in P. yezoensis as well as improve the breeding of Pythium infection tolerant macroalgaens. An oomycete, known as Pythium porphyrae, causes the red rot disease that seriously damages Pyropia farms every year in China, Korea, and Japan. To investigate the pathogen responsive proteins after the artificial infection of Pyropia with (P. porphyrae) oomycetes spores, an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was performed. A total of 762 differentially expressed proteins (DEP’s) were identified from which 378 proteins were highly expressed and 284 proteins were found to be low expressed. A large number of differentially expressed proteins were identified, which are involved in disease stress, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthetic activity, and amino acid pathways as annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KEGG database. Our results showed that Pyropia resisted infection by inhibiting photosynthesis, energy and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, as supported by the change in the expression level of related proteins. Thus, the current research data provide an overall summary of the red algae response to pathogen infection. The present study could assist in a better understanding of the mechanisms behind infection resistance in P. yezoensis as well as improve the breeding of Pythium infection tolerant macroalgae
Project description:Contrary to the relative wealth of information regarding pathogen defense responses in aboveground plant parts, little is known about the mechanistic basis and regulation of plant immunity in root tissues. Aiming to further our fundamental understanding of root immune responses, we have investigated the interaction between rice and one of its major root pathogens, the oomycete Pythium graminicola. The specificic objectives of this study were twofold: i) to disentangle the molecular and genetic basis of the rice-Pythium interaction by comparing the transcriptome of rice roots at different times after inoculation with a highly virulent Pythium strains, and ii) to offer fundamental insights into the genetic architecture and regulation of rice disease resistance pathways operative in root tissue and to identify the molecular players controlling the possible nodes of convergence between these resistance conduits
2011-10-04 | GSE32582 | GEO
Project description:Pyropia yezoensis transcriptom during infection of Pythium porphyrae
Project description:Contrary to the relative wealth of information regarding pathogen defense responses in aboveground plant parts, little is known about the mechanistic basis and regulation of plant immunity in root tissues. Aiming to further our fundamental understanding of root immune responses, we have investigated the interaction between rice and one of its major root pathogens, the oomycete Pythium graminicola. The specificic objectives of this study were twofold: i) to disentangle the molecular and genetic basis of the rice-Pythium interaction by comparing the transcriptome of rice roots at different times after inoculation with a highly virulent Pythium strains, and ii) to offer fundamental insights into the genetic architecture and regulation of rice disease resistance pathways operative in root tissue and to identify the molecular players controlling the possible nodes of convergence between these resistance conduits Comparison between P. graminicola- and mock-infected rice roots. Two treatments (infected and non-infected) x three timepoints (1, 2 and 4 days post inoculation) x three biological replicates
Project description:Biological control is a promising approach to control diseases caused by Pythium species. Unusually for a single genus, the Pythium genus also includes species that can antagonise Pythium plant pathogens, such as Pythium oligandrum. These Pythium plant pathogens are commonly found in the soil such as the broad host-range pathogen Pythium myriotylum and cause various diseases of important crops. While P. oligandrum genes expressed in the interaction with oomycete plant pathogens have been identified previously, the transcriptional response of an oomycete plant pathogen to P. oligandrum has not been investigated. An isolate of P. oligandrum, GAQ1, recovered from soil could antagonise P. myriotylum in a plate-based confrontation assay. The P. oligandrum isolate had a strong disease control effect on soft-rot of ginger caused by P. myriotylum. We investigated the transcriptional interaction between P. myriotylum and P. oligandrum. As part of the transcriptional response of P. myriotylum to the presence of P. oligandrum, putative effector genes such as a sub-set of Kazal-type protease inhibitors were strongly upregulated. P. myriotylum cellulases and elicitin-like putative effectors were also upregulated. In P. oligandrum, cellulases, peroxidases, proteases and NLP effectors were upregulated. The transcriptional response of P. myriotylum suggests clear features of a counter-attacking strategy that may contribute to the variable success and durability of biological attempts to control diseases caused by Pythium species. Whether aspects of this counter-attack could inhibit aspects of this virulence of P. myriotylum is another interesting aspect for future studies.
Project description:Transcriptional changes occurring at the infection site of 2 weeks old Cabernet sauvignon grapevine cuttings infected with a wood pathogen (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora) in the presence of a root-inoculated biocontrol agent (Pythium oligandrum). Gene expression profiling was done using the Nimblegen whole genome array with 3 biological replicates of 3 pooled wood chunks harvested 0 and 14 d after treatment (pathogen infection, biocontrol agent inoculation, mock treatment).
Project description:Light quality is an important abiotic factor that affects growth and development of photosynthetic organism. In this study, D. salina was exposed to red (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm), and cell growth, pigments, and transcriptome were analyzed. The RNA of D. salina was sequenced and transcriptomic response of algal cells after transitioning from white light to red and blue light was investigated. Genes encoding for enzymes involved in photosynthesis were down-regulated, whereas genes involved in the metabolism of carotenoid were up-regulated. Genes encoding for photoprotective enzymes related to reactive oxygen species scavenging were up-regulated under both red and blue light. The present transcriptomic study would assist in the comprehensive understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis of D. salina.
Project description:In this study transcriptomic data of three life history stages of Orciraptor agilis was generated: 1) Gliding cells in absence of food ('gliding'), 2) Cells attached to the cell wall of its algal prey during perforation ('fattacking'), 3) Cells after acquisition of the algal plastid material ('digesting'). Furthermore, RNA-seq of the algal prey Mougeotia sp. was also performed. A de novo transcriptome assembly of the algal reads was performed in order to identify and substract algal reads of the Orciraptor samples by mapping the Orciraptor reads to the algal transcriptome. After this filtering step the remaining Orciraptor reads from all libraries were pooled for a de novo transcriptome assembly of Orciraptor agilis. This transcriptome was the basis for a comparative transcriptomic study in which transcript expression was compared between the three life history stages.
Project description:Oomycetes, such as the broad host-range necrotrophic plant pathogen Pythium myriotylum, cause devastating crop losses. We have previously identified P. myriotylum as the major pathogen infecting ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes in China with symptoms of Pythium soft rot (PSR) disease. Ginger is an important crop with global production estimated at approximately three million metric tonnes with about 20% of this production in China. To better understand how P. myriotylum infects ginger, transcriptomic analysis was performed on two P. myriotylum isolates (SWQ7 and SL2) infecting ginger leaves. From both of the isolates, there was a clear separation between the transcriptome replicates from the mycelial control condition and those from the infection of the ginger leaf. In SWQ7 and SL2, there were 2,110 and 2,513 genes upregulated during infection of ginger, respectively. Of the putative effectors, a subset of the NEP1-like toxin protein (NLP) effectors were highly induced during the infection of ginger leaves. Insights from the transcriptome highlight the important role of a subset of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) and effectors in the pathogenicity of P. myriotylum towards ginger. The surprisingly large numbers of P. myriotylum PCWDEs and effectors within the genome may be due to the broad host-range of P. myriotylum whereby particular subsets of the PCWDEs and effectors are required for pathogenicity towards particular hosts.