Project description:Tumor cells orchestrate their microenvironment. Here, we provide biochemical, structural, functional and clinical evidence that Cathepsin S (CTSS) alterations induce a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment in follicular lymphoma (FL). We found CTSS mutations at Y132 in 6% of FL (19/305). Another 13% (37/286) had CTSS amplification, which was associated with higher CTSS expression. CTSS Y132 mutations lead to accelerated autocatalytic conversion from pro-CTSS to active CTSS and increase substrate cleavage, including CD74 which regulates MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation. Lymphoma cells with hyperactive CTSS more efficiently activated antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells in vitro. Tumors with hyperactive CTSS showed increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine perturbation in a mouse model and in human FLs. In mice, this CTSS-induced immune microenvironment promoted tumor growth. Clinically, patients with CTSS-hyperactive FL had better treatment outcomes with standard immunochemotherapies, indicating that these immunosuppressive regimens target both the lymphoma cells and the tumor-promoting immune microenvironment. Digital multiplexed gene expression profiling of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of the GLSG2000 cohort was performed as previously described (Hellmuth et al., Blood 2018)
Project description:Tumor cells orchestrate their microenvironment. Here, we provide biochemical, structural, functional and clinical evidence that Cathepsin S (CTSS) alterations induce a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment in follicular lymphoma (FL). We found CTSS mutations at Y132 in 6% of FL (19/305). Another 13% (37/286) had CTSS amplification, which was associated with higher CTSS expression. CTSS Y132 mutations lead to accelerated autocatalytic conversion from pro-CTSS to active CTSS and increase substrate cleavage, including CD74 which regulates MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation. Lymphoma cells with hyperactive CTSS more efficiently activated antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells in vitro. Tumors with hyperactive CTSS showed increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine perturbation in a mouse model and in human FLs. In mice, this CTSS-induced immune microenvironment promoted tumor growth. Clinically, patients with CTSS-hyperactive FL had better treatment outcomes with standard immunochemotherapies, indicating that these immunosuppressive regimens target both the lymphoma cells and the tumor-promoting immune microenvironment. Digital multiplexed gene expression profiling of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of the validation cohort was performed as previously described (Hellmuth et al., Blood 2018)
Project description:Our data showed that ENT broadly impacted multiple populations of immune cells within the TME. Thus, we performed general immune transcriptome profiling on whole tumors isolated from the neu-N model using a PanCancer immune-profiling gene panel for the NanoString platform.
Project description:We performed differential gene expression analysis using high throughput multiplex analysis via NanoString nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling panel, which analyzes 770 genes related to cancer-immune pathways (cancer progression, chemokines and cytokines and their receptors, and innate and adaptive immune response). nSolver software was used to analyze the data and a heat map was generated to show differential expression of 770 genes. Further, using a fold cut-off of ≥2 and p-value <0.05, we observed that 4'-BR significantly modulated expression of multiple cancer immune genes.
Project description:We undertook to determine whether carcinoma cells residing in the epithelial or quasi-mesenchymal phenotypic states differ in their expression of immunomodulatory markers. To do so, we used the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel (Nanostring Technologies)to perform transcriptomic analyses of the E and qM mammary carcinoma cells; these cells were either cultured in vitro or prepared by FACS sorting of GFP-labelled carcinoma cells from their corresponding tumors