Trillium camschatcense
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA615739 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DRR208238_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| DRR208238_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| DRR208239_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| DRR208239_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| DRR208240_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Trillium govanianum rhizome is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedy in traditional medicine in northern Pakistan. In an attempt to establish its medicinal value, the present research evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of T. govanianum. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of extract and fractions was investigated in the carrageenan induced paw edema assay. The in vitro suppression of oxidative burst of extract, fractions and isolated compounds was assessed through luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The in vivo analgesic activity was assayed in chemical and thermal induced nociceptive pain models. The crude methanol extract and its solvent fractions showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic responses, exhibited by significant amelioration of paw edema and relieve of the tonic visceral chemical and acute phasic thermal nociception. In the oxidative burst assay, based on IC50, the crude methanol extract and n-butanol soluble fraction produced a significant inhibition, followed by chloroform and hexane soluble fractions as compared to ibuprofen. Similarly, the isolated compounds pennogenin and borassoside E exhibited significant level of oxidative burst suppressive activity. The in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as the in vitro inhibition of oxidative burst validated the traditional use of T. govanianum rhizomes as a phytotherapeutic remedy for both inflammatory conditions and pain. The observed activities might be attributed to the presence of steroids and steroid-based compounds. Therefore, the rhizomes of this plant species could serve as potential novel source of compounds effective for alleviating pain and inflammation.
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Project description:Three new sesquiterpene glycosides, possessing a rare aglycone with a sulfonyl between C-1 and C-15 positions, named 3-(3'E-7'R,8'-dihydroxy-4',8'-dimethyl-3'-nonenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-thiophen 7'-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 3-(3'E-7'R,8'-dihydroxy-4',8'-dimethyl-3'-nonenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-thiophen 7'-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and 3-(3'E-7'R,8'-dihydroxy-4',8'-dimethyl-3'-nonenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-thiophen 7'-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6'-O-acetyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), respectively, were isolated from the rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data, including HR-ESI-MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR. The cytotoxic properties of the three compounds were investigated using human hepatic L02 cells.
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Project description:BackgroundCatastrophic drug coverage programs help those with high drug-costs to reduce the burden of out-of-pocket expenses. We set out to measure changes in utilization, spending and demographic profiles of people accessing Ontario's catastrophic drug program, the Trillium Drug Program.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional time-series analysis examining quarterly utilization and spending trends among medications reimbursed by the Trillium Drug Program in Ontario, Canada from Jan. 1, 2000, to Dec. 31, 2016. In each of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, we described the population of beneficiaries, including demographic information, health care utilization and medication utilization.ResultsOver our study period, use of the Trillium Drug Program increased threefold from 3.6 beneficiaries per 1000 to 10.9 beneficiaries per 1000 Ontarians, and total government spending on the program increased by over 700%, reaching $487 million in 2016. Between 2000 and 2015, there was an increase in the number of beneficiaries who were under the age of 35 years (19.6% to 25.3%; p < 0.0001), did not have a hospital admission (68.3% to 80.5%; p < 0.0001) and had medium to high deductibles (2.3% to 8.0%; p < 0.0001). Further, there was a large increase in the percentage of users with drug claims greater than $1000 (3.4% to 10.4%; p < 0.0001) and those dispensed a high-cost biologic drug (1.6% to 5.5%; p < 0.0001).InterpretationIncreasing use of Ontario's catastrophic drug program highlights the growing burden of high drug prices for Canadians. With a growing number of expensive drugs being approved in Canada, we anticipate that spending and use of the catastrophic drug program will continue to expand.
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Project description:Combining population genetic studies with demographic surveys in long-lived clonal herbs can yield insight into the population dynamics of clonal plant populations. In this study, we assayed clonal diversity and spatial genetic structure in a population of a long-lived understory herb, Trillium recurvatum, that has been the focus of a demographic study spanning 26 years at the Meeman Biological Station in Memphis, Tennessee, USA. Using a set of five newly developed simple sequence repeat markers first reported here, we assessed 1) the extent of clonal diversity within the Meeman site, 2) the degree to which genetic diversity varies with stage class (juvenile, non-flowering, and flowering adults) at this site, 3) whether there is spatial genetic structure at the Meeman site, and 4) how measures of genetic diversity and inbreeding at the Meeman site compare to two additional nearby populations. Along with these analyses, we calculated and compared traditional population genetic metrics with information theory-based diversity indices. Although clonal propagation was present, the focal population displayed moderate levels of clonal diversity comprising 81 genets from the 174 individuals sampled. In the focal site, we also found that genetic diversity was highest in the flowering stage class when compared to the non-flowering and juvenile classes. We report that genets exhibited spatial genetic structure in the focal site exhibiting values for the Sp statistic of 0.00199 for linear distance and 0.0271 for log distance. Measures of unbiased gene diversity and the inbreeding coefficient were comparable across the sampled populations. Our results provide complementary genetic data to previous demographic studies in T. recurvatum, and these findings provide data for future studies aimed at integrating the degree of clonality, genetic variation, and population dynamics in this species. Our findings suggest that T. recurvatum at the focal Meeman site displays higher levels of sexual reproduction than were previously suggested, and spatial genetic structure estimates were comparable to other plant species with mixed and outcrossing mating strategies.
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Project description:Genomic events including gene loss, duplication, pseudogenization and rearrangement in plant genomes are valuable sources for exploring and understanding the process of evolution in angiosperms. The family Melanthiaceae is distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and divided into five tribes (Heloniadeae, Chionographideae, Xerophylleae, Melanthieae and Parideae) based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses. At present, complete chloroplast genomes of the Melanthiaceae have been reported from three species. In the previous genomic study of Liliales, atrnI-CAU gene duplication event was reported fromParis verticillata, a member of Parideae. To clarify the significant genomic events of the tribe Parideae, we analysed the complete chloroplast genome sequences of twoTrilliumspecies representing two subgenera:TrilliumandPhyllantherum InTrillium tschonoskii(subgenusTrillium), the circular double-stranded cpDNA sequence of 156 852 bp consists of two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26 501 bp each, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83 981 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19 869 bp. The chloroplast genome sequence ofT. maculatum(subgenusPhyllantherum) is 157 359 bp in length, consisting of two IRs (25 535 bp), one SSC (19 949 bp) and one LSC (86 340 bp), and is longer than that ofT. tschonoskii The results showed that the cpDNAs of Parideae are highly conserved across genome structure, gene order and contents. However, the chloroplast genome ofT. maculatumcontained a 3.4-kb inverted sequence betweenndhCandrbcLin the LSC region, and it was a unique feature for subgeneraPhyllantherum In addition, we found three different types of gene duplication in the intergenic spacer betweenrpl23andycf2containingtrnI-CAU, which were in agreement with the circumscription of subgenera and sections in Parideae excludingT. govanianum These genomic features provide informative molecular markers for identifying the infrageneric taxa ofTrilliumand improve our understanding of the evolution patterns of Parideae in Melanthiaceae.
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