Histone H3.3 fills gaps in heterochromatin generated by Smarcad1 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC)
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA627246 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR11584889_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11584889_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11584890_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11584890_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11584891_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Nucleosome turnover concomitant with incorporation of the replication-independent histone variant H3.3 is a hallmark of regulatory regions in the animal genome. In our current understanding, nucleosome turnover is universally linked to DNA accessibility and histone acetylation. In mouse embryonic stem cells, H3.3 is also highly enriched at interstitial heterochromatin, most prominently intracisternal-A particle endogenous retroviral elements. Interstitial heterochromatin is established over confined domains by the TRIM28/SETDB1 corepressor complex and has stereotypical features of repressive chromatin, such as H3K9me3 and recruitment of all HP1 isoforms. Here, we demonstrate that fast histone turnover and H3.3 incorporation is compatible with these hallmarks of heterochromatin. We identify Smarcad1 to be a chromatin remodeler that generates nucleosome-free regions which are subsequently filled with histone H3.3, generating a surprisingly dynamic heterochromatin state. Loss of histone H3.3 elicits a highly specific opening of interstitial heterochromatin demonstrating that in the wake of Smarcad1 remodeling, H3.3 is required to maintain minimal DNA accessibility by reassembling nucleosomes.
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Project description:Chromocenters are established after the 2-cell (2C) stage during mouse embryonic development, but the factors that mediate chromocenter formation remain largely unknown. To identify regulators of 2C heterochromatin establishment, we generated an inducible system to convert embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to 2C-like cells. This conversion is marked by a global reorganization and dispersion of H3K9me3-heterochromatin foci, which are then reversibly formed upon re-entry into pluripotency. Profiling the chromatin-bound proteome (chromatome) by genome capture of ESCs transitioning to 2C-like cells, we uncover chromatin regulators involved in de novo heterochromatin formation. We identified TOPBP1 and investigated its binding partner SMARCAD1. SMARCAD1 and TOPBP1 associate with H3K9me3-heterochromatin in ESCs. Interestingly, the nuclear localization of SMARCAD1 is lost in 2C-like cells. SMARCAD1 or TOPBP1 depletion in mouse embryos lead to developmental arrest, reduction of H3K9me3 and remodeling of heterochromatin foci. Collectively, our findings contribute to comprehending the maintenance of chromocenters during early development.
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Project description:Using Tet-inhibited expression of epitope-tagged H3.3 combined with ChIP-Seq we undertook genome-wide measurements of H3.3 dissociation rates across the ESC genome and examined the relationship between H3.3-nucleosome turnover and ESC-specific transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and epigenetic marks. To measure dissociation rates of H3.3, we utilized a TET-repressible ESC line, ES[MC1R(20)], with the expression cassette integrated at the ROSA26 locus. We transfected MC1R ESCs with HA/FLAG-tagged H3.3 controlled by tetracycline response elements. For ‘TET-OFF’ experiments, ESCs were cultured over several passages (weeks) on feeder cells in the absence of DOX and were subsequently passaged onto feeder-free plates prior to the inhibition of HA-H3.3 expression. To repress HA/FLAG-H3.3 expression we treated cells with 2 ?g/ml doxycycline hyclate before crosslinking with formaldehyde at various time points. Measurement of H3.3-HA enrichment over time-course was performed using two replicates of ChIP-seq experiments. As a control, input DNA sequencing was performed for every time point
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Project description:Using Tet-inhibited expression of epitope-tagged H3.3 combined with ChIP-Seq we undertook genome-wide measurements of H3.3 dissociation rates across the ESC genome and examined the relationship between H3.3-nucleosome turnover and ESC-specific transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and epigenetic marks.
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Project description:Investigation of the co-occurance of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SMARCAD1 and the histone modification H3K9me3 in the genome of PGK12.1 XX ES cells. ChIP-seq of endogenous SMARCAD1 was carried out in control and SMARCAD1-knockdown ES cells using a double crosslinking procedure. Additionally, H3K9me3 ChIP-seq was performed in double-cross linked control PGK12.1 XX cells. Input samples and precipitates with an IgG antibody were sequenced (Illumina HiSeq1500) as controls. Antibodies used were SMARCAD1 PAB15737 (Abnova) and H3K9me3 ab8898 (abcam).
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Project description:Genome-wide maps of SMARCAD1 binding and histone modification H3R26Cit in mouse ES cells, histone modification H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H3K27Ac in Smarcad1 KD mouse ES cells, and histone modification H3K9me3 in mouse ES cells after PADI inhibition. Together with RNA-seq data for mouse ICM, blastocyst, embryonic stem cells and Smarcad1 KD cells.
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Project description:Histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling play a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation. While histone acetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activities have been well characterized, how the two activities are coordinated remains to be uncovered. We discovered ATP-dependent histone H2A acetylation activity in Drosophila nuclear extracts. This activity was column-purified and demonstrated to be composed of CBP and SMARCAD1, which belongs to the Etl1 subfamily of the Snf2 family of helicase-related proteins. SMARCAD1 enhanced acetylation of H2A K5 and K8 by CBP in nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent fashion. Expression array analysis of S2 cells having ectopically expressed SMARCAD1 revealed up-regulated genes. Using native genome templates of these up-regulated genes, we found that SMARCAD1 activates their transcription in vitro. Knockdown analysis of SMARCAD1 and CBP indicated overlapping gene control, and ChIP-seq analysis of these commonly controlled genes showed that CBP is recruited to the promoter prior to SMARCAD1. Moreover, Drosophila genetic experiments demonstrated interaction between SMARCAD1/Etl1 and CBP/nej during development. The interplay between the remodeling activity of SMARCAD1 and histone acetylation by CBP sheds light on chromatin and the genome-integrity network.
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