A coordinated pathway for the synthesis of a novel blood-red pigment in a Mauritian nectar.
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA630452 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR11688926_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11688926_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:RNA-Seq of a nectary sample of Nesocodon mauritianus
2020-05-06 | GSE149898 | GEO
Project description:The black nectar of Melianthus flowers is thought to serve as a visual attractant to pollinators, but the chemical identity and synthesis of the black pigment are unknown. Here we report that the black nectar contains a natural analog of iron-gall ink, which humans have used since medieval times. Specifically, dark black nectar at anthesis contains high levels of ellagic acid and iron; synthetic solutions of ellagic acid and iron(III) recapitulate the black color of the nectar. Conversely, lightly colored nectars before and after anthesis contain significantly lower levels of ellagic acid and iron, but higher levels of gallic acid. We then explored the possibility of post-secretory synthesis of ellagic acid from gallic acid. Indeed, Melianthus nectar contains a peroxidase that oxidizes gallic acid to form ellagic acid. Reactions containing the nectar peroxidase, gallic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and iron can fully recreate the black color of the nectar. Visual modeling indicates that the black color is both visible and conspicuous to birds within the context of the flower. In summary, the black nectar of Melianthus is derived from an ellagic acid-Fe complex analogous to iron-gall ink and is likely involved in the attraction of passerine bird pollinators.
2023-01-01 | GSE221730 | GEO
Project description:Nearly 90% of flowering plants depend on animals for reproduction. One of the main rewards plants offer to pollinators for visitation is nectar. Nesocodon mauritianus (Campanulaceae) produces a blood-red nectar that has been proposed to serve as a visual attractant for pollinator visitation. Here, we show that the nectar's red color is derived from a previously undescribed alkaloid termed nesocodin. The first nectar produced is acidic and pale yellow in color, but slowly becomes alkaline before taking on its characteristic red color. Three enzymes secreted into the nectar are either necessary or sufficient for pigment production, including a carbonic anhydrase that increases nectar pH, an aryl-alcohol oxidase that produces a pigment precursor, and a ferritin-like catalase that protects the pigment from degradation by hydrogen peroxide. Our findings demonstrate how these three enzymatic activities allow for the condensation of sinapaldehyde and proline to form a pigment with a stable imine bond. We subsequently verified that synthetic nesocodin is indeed attractive to Phelsuma geckos, the most likely pollinators of Nesocodon We also identify nesocodin in the red nectar of the distantly related and hummingbird-visited Jaltomata herrerae and provide molecular evidence for convergent evolution of this trait. This work cumulatively identifies a convergently evolved trait in two vertebrate-pollinated species, suggesting that the red pigment is selectively favored and that only a limited number of compounds are likely to underlie this type of adaptation.
| S-EPMC8812537 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nectar from Nicotiana plants targeted loci
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Project description:Floral nectar proteins (nectarins) are mainly enzymes and play important roles in inhibiting microbial growth in nectar and tailoring nectar chemistry before or after secretory. Nectar proteomes are usually small, but only very few plant species have had their nectar proteomes thoroughly investigated. Nectarins from Nicotiana tabacum (NT) were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and then analyzed using mass spectrometry. Glycoproteins were isolated from raw NT nectar, separated by SDS-PAGE, and identified by mass spectrometry. All eight identified nectarins and four invertase genes’ expression were analysed by qPCR. Sugars composition, total sugar concentration, protein content, polyphenol content and hydrogen peroxide content were compared at different time intervals in extracted nectar and nectar in situ after secretion. Totally, eight nectarins were detected in NT nectar in which only two are glycoproteins, beta-xylosidase and a protein with unknown function. All of the eight nectarin genes expression was not nectary-specific and not synchronous along with the nectary development. After secretion, NT nectar in flower tube changed from sucrose–rich to hexose-rich type even though no free invertase or its activity was detected in NT nectar. No sugar composition changes observed in extracted nectar after incubating at 30 ℃ up to 48 hours in plastic tubes. Our results indicate that nectar post-secretory changes could be a complex process and tissue closely contact with nectar might function in it.
2019-08-20 | PXD011658 | Pride
Project description:The purpose of this project was to identify nectar proteins in Jaltomata herrerae
2022-01-05 | PXD029395 | Pride
Project description:The purpose of this project was to identify the nectar proteins of Nesocodon mauritianus
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Project description:Nectar Microbiome of Salvia absconditiflora and Orobanche anatolica
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Project description:Many angiosperms can secret at least two types of sugar-rich liquids, floral nectar (FN) and extrafloral nectar (EFN), by which plants can make use of the animal partner’s mobility for pollen transportation and attract predatory animals for indirect defense. Both FN and EFN contain considerable amount of proteins which play important roles in nectar biosynthesis process and protection. Hemerocallis citrina (HC) can secrete both FN and EFN on flower during the same developmental stage. Our objective was to compare the HC FN and EFN proteome to understand the difference between their biosynthesis and ecological function. FN was collected from adult HC flowers and concentrated by ultrafiltering. EFN was collected from young HC flower buds and concentrated by ultrafiltering. Proteins were digested with trypsin then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. HSPs are the main protein identified in HC FN but their function in floral nectar is still largely unknown. PR proteins are the main protein identified in HC EFN with antimicrobial activity. Our data provide a good characterization of a monocot nectar proteome. These data, may be useful in understanding the generation process and ecological function of floral and extrafloral nectar.
2023-03-11 | PXD025892 | Pride