Trajectory Mapping of the Early Drosophila Germline Reveals Controls of Zygotic Activation and Sex Differentiation
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA632835 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR11789553_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11789553_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11789554_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11789554_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR11789555_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:We report single-cell RNA-sequencing data for sexed D. melanogaster germ cells from 0-8h embryos. We find in this time window that the transcriptome of male and female germ cells diverge and this coincides with the activation of the zygotic germline genome.
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Project description:Germ cells in Drosophila melanogaster are specified maternally shortly after fertilization and are transcriptionally quiescent until their zygotic genome is activated to sustain further development. To understand the molecular basis of this process, we analyzed the progressing transcriptomes of early male and female germ cells at the single-cell level between germline specification and coalescence with somatic gonadal cells. Our data comprehensively cover zygotic activation in the germline genome, and analyses on genes that exhibit germline-restricted expression reveal that polymerase pausing and differential RNA stability are important mechanisms that establish gene expression differences between the germline and soma. In addition, we observe an immediate bifurcation between the male and female germ cells as zygotic transcription begins. The main difference between the two sexes is an elevation in X Chromosome expression in females relative to males, signifying incomplete dosage compensation, with a few select genes exhibiting even higher expression increases. These indicate that the male program is the default mode in the germline that is driven to female development with a second X Chromosome.
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Project description:The germline is unique because it is the only cellular lineage capable of transferring genetic information from one generation to the next. Intergenerational transmission of epigenetic memory is also possible; however, in mammals this is largely prevented by extensive epigenetic erasure during germline definition from somatic precursors. We report that the ‘preformed’ germline of zebrafish, defined by inheritance of cellular components from the egg and not cellular reprogramming, shows consistently high levels of DNA methylation throughout development. This demonstrates epigenetic erasure is not a barrier to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in zebrafish and likely other vertebrates with preformed germlines. Our analysis also uncovered female-specific germline amplification and demethylation of an 11.5-kb repeat region encoding 45S ribosomal RNA (fem-rDNA). The peak of fem-rDNA expansion coincided with the initial expansion of stage IB oocytes, the poly-nucleolar cell type responsible for zebrafish feminisation. Given that fem-rDNA overlaps with the only zebrafish locus identified thus far as sex-linked, we hypothesize fem-rDNA expansion is intrinsic to sex determination in this species.
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Project description:DUX4 is a germline transcription factor and a master regulator of zygotic genome activation. During early embryogenesis, DUX4 is crucial for maternal to zygotic transition at the 8-cell stage in order to overcome silencing of genes and enable transcription from the zygotic genome. In adult somatic cells, DUX4 expression is silenced and its activation in adult muscle cells causes the genetic disorder Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD). Here we show that herpesviruses actively induce DUX4 expression to promote viral transcription and replication. We demonstrate that HSV-1 immediate early proteins directly induce expression of DUX4 and its target genes including endogenous retroelements, which mimics zygotic genome activation. DUX4 directly binds to the viral genome, promotes viral transcription and genetic depletion of DUX4 by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogates viral replication. Our results show that viruses from alpha-, beta- and gamma-herpesvirus subfamilies induce DUX4 expression and downstream germline-specific genes and retroelements. Herpesviruses activate DUX4 expression in order to induce an early embryonic-like transcriptional program that prevents epigenetic silencing of the viral genome and facilitates herpesviral gene expression.
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