Project description:BACKGROUND: In order to contribute to the establishment of a complete map of transcribed regions of the human genome, we constructed a testicular cDNA library for the cynomolgus monkey, and attempted to find novel transcripts for identification of their human homologues. RESULT: The full-insert sequences of 512 cDNA clones were determined. Ultimately we found 302 non-redundant cDNAs carrying open reading frames of 300 bp-length or longer. Among them, 89 cDNAs were found not to be annotated previously in the Ensembl human database. After searching against the Ensembl mouse database, we also found 69 putative coding sequences have no homologous cDNAs in the annotated human and mouse genome sequences in Ensembl.We subsequently designed a DNA microarray including 396 non-redundant cDNAs (with and without open reading frames) to examine the expression of the full-sequenced genes. With the testicular probe and a mixture of probes of 10 other tissues, 316 of 332 effective spots showed intense hybridized signals and 75 cDNAs were shown to be expressed very highly in the cynomolgus monkey testis, but not ubiquitously. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we determined 302 full-insert sequences of cynomolgus monkey cDNAs with enough length of open reading frames to discover novel transcripts as human homologues. Among 302 cDNA sequences, human homologues of 89 cDNAs have not been predicted in the annotated human genome sequence in the Ensembl. Additionally, we identified 75 dominantly expressed genes in testis among the full-sequenced clones by using a DNA microarray. Our cDNA clones and analytical results will be valuable resources for future functional genomic studies.
Project description:Although increased vascular stiffness is more prominent in aging males than females, and males are more prone to vascular disease with aging, no study has investigated the genes potentially responsible for gender differences in vascular aging. We tested the hypothesis that the transcriptional adaptation to aging differs in males and females using a monkey model, which is not only physiologically and phylogenetically closer to humans than the more commonly studied rodent models, but also is not afflicted with the most common forms of vascular disease that accompany the aging process in humans, e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Gene expressions of monkey aorta from four groups (YF, OF, YM, OM) were detected to find out the molecular mechanism of aorta stiffness. Keywords: aging and genders
Project description:We report a macaque in vitro endothelial cell system using induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) from Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Based on a protocol adapted for human IPSCs we directly differentiated macaque IPSCs into endothelial cells under chemically defined conditions. The resulting endothelial cells can be enriched using magnetic cell sorting and display endothelial marker expression and function. RNA sequencing revealed that the differentiation process closely resembled vasculogenesis. Moreover, we show that endothelial cells derived from macaque and human IPSCs are highly similar regarding gene expression patterns and key endothelial functions such as inflammatory responses. These data demonstrate the power of IPSC differentiation technology to generate defined cell types such as endothelial cells as translational in vitro model to compare cell type specific responses across species. For more detail see also: Eva C Thoma, Tobias Heckel, David Keller, Nicolas Giroud, Brian Leonard, Klaus Christensen, Adrian Roth, Cristina Bertinetti-Lapatki, Martin Graf, Christoph Patsch. "Establishment of a translational endothelial cell model using directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells from Cynomolgus monkey" (under submission)
Project description:BACKGROUND: In order to contribute to the establishment of a complete map of transcribed regions of the human genome, we constructed a testicular cDNA library for the cynomolgus monkey, and attempted to find novel transcripts for identification of their human homologues. RESULT: The full-insert sequences of 512 cDNA clones were determined. Ultimately we found 302 non-redundant cDNAs carrying open reading frames of 300 bp-length or longer. Among them, 89 cDNAs were found not to be annotated previously in the Ensembl human database. After searching against the Ensembl mouse database, we also found 69 putative coding sequences have no homologous cDNAs in the annotated human and mouse genome sequences in Ensembl.We subsequently designed a DNA microarray including 396 non-redundant cDNAs (with and without open reading frames) to examine the expression of the full-sequenced genes. With the testicular probe and a mixture of probes of 10 other tissues, 316 of 332 effective spots showed intense hybridized signals and 75 cDNAs were shown to be expressed very highly in the cynomolgus monkey testis, but not ubiquitously. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we determined 302 full-insert sequences of cynomolgus monkey cDNAs with enough length of open reading frames to discover novel transcripts as human homologues. Among 302 cDNA sequences, human homologues of 89 cDNAs have not been predicted in the annotated human genome sequence in the Ensembl. Additionally, we identified 75 dominantly expressed genes in testis among the full-sequenced clones by using a DNA microarray. Our cDNA clones and analytical results will be valuable resources for future functional genomic studies. Keywords: other
Project description:Although increased vascular stiffness is more prominent in aging males than females, and males are more prone to vascular disease with aging, no study has investigated the genes potentially responsible for gender differences in vascular aging. We tested the hypothesis that the transcriptional adaptation to aging differs in males and females using a monkey model, which is not only physiologically and phylogenetically closer to humans than the more commonly studied rodent models, but also is not afflicted with the most common forms of vascular disease that accompany the aging process in humans, e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Gene expressions of monkey aorta from four groups (YF, OF, YM, OM) were detected to find out the molecular mechanism of aorta stiffness. Experiment Overall Design: Four groups were used in this experiment. 6 samples per group.The transcriptional profile of the aorta was compared by high-density microarrays between young and old males or females. About 600 genes were expressed differentially when comparing old versus young animals. Analysis of the different groups was further performed by gene ontology.We also analyzed whether the transcriptional regulation described above might correspond to specific transcription factors
Project description:Precise temporal development is an important event during embryo development. However, transcriptional changes in the temporal development of early epiblast cells (EPI), primitive endoderm (PrE) and trophectoderm (TrB) cells remain unclear. Long terminal repeat elements (LTRs) of ERVs (Endogenous retroviruses) are dynamically expressed in blastocysts of mammalian embryos. However, the expression of LTRs in monkey blastocyst is still unknown. By analyzing publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing (seq) data, LTRs of several ERV families, including MacERV6, MacERV3, MacERV2, MacERVK1 and MacERVK2 were highly expressed in pre-implantation embryo cells including EPIs, TrB and PrE but absent in post-implantation. We knockdown MacERV6-LTR1a in cynomolgus monkey with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy to examine the potential function of MacERV6-LTR1a in early development of monkey embryo. The silence of MacERV6-LTR1a mainly postpone trophectodermal cell differentiation and cell polarity of TrB, and the genes relate to epithelial proliferation, differentiation and development were downregulated in EPI of shRNA-treated embyos. Addtionally, stem cell differentiation relate genes were downregulated in PrE when MacERV6-LTR1a was silenced. Moreover, we have comfirmed MacERV6-LTR1a can recruit ESRRB (Estrogen Related Receptor Beta). Actually, recent reports demonstrated that ESRRB plays a important role in maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic and trophoblast stem cells through different signaling pathways including FGF and Wnt signaling pathways. In summary, these results suggest that MacERV6-LTR1a potentially regulates the temporal development of pre-implantation embryo of cynomolgus monkey.