The matricellular protein Connective Tissue Growth Factor promotes motor axon regeneration
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA646639 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Regeneration of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is orchestrated by signals exchanged among its components. Neuronal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), produced in response to injury, is a major Schwann cells (SC) activator. Genes differentially expressed by SCs exposed to H2O2 were used as a signature gene set for functional enrichment analysis of NMJ transcripts profiled during motor axon terminal degeneration and re-growth. We found that at the regenerating NMJ: i) the H2O2 signature is enriched in extracellular matrix terms; ii) the mRNA of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (Ctgf) is strongly up-regulated, iii) Ctgf is produced by terminal SCs, iv) Ctgf neutralization delays functional recovery upon nerve injury. We show here compelling evidence of a pro-regenerative role of Ctgf in neurotransmission rescue, and that the transcriptome of the regenerating NMJ is a powerful source of candidates with pro-regenerative potential. A profound ECM remodeling occurs during nerve regeneration, and H2O2 is among the triggers.
2023-01-04 | GSE154547 | GEO
Project description:Injured peripheral neurons successfully activate a pro-regenerative transcriptional program to enable axon regeneration and functional recovery. How transcriptional regulators coordinate the expression of such programs remains unclear. Here we show that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) controls multiple injury-induced genes in sensory neurons and contribute to the pre-conditioning lesion effect. Knockdown of HIF-1α in vitro or conditional knockout in vivo impairs sensory axon regeneration. The HIF-1α target gene Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) is expressed in injured neurons and contributes to stimulate axon regeneration. Induction of HIF-1α using hypoxia enhances axon regeneration in vitro and in vivo in sensory neurons. Hypoxia also stimulates motor neuron regeneration and accelerates neuromuscular junction reinnervation. This study demonstrates that HIF-1α represents a critical transcriptional regulator in regenerating neurons and suggests hypoxia as a tool to stimulate axon regeneration.
2016-01-21 | GSE73415 | GEO
Project description:Muscle LIM Protein is a Regeneration Associated Protein and promotes Axon Regeneration
| PRJEB29357 | ENA
Project description:The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized tripartite synapse composed of the motor axon terminal, covered by perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), and the muscle fibre, separated by a basal lamina. It is exposed to different kind of injures such as mechanical traumas, pathogens including neurotoxins, and neuromuscular diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and immune-mediated disorders, and has retained throughout vertebrate evolution an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, at variance from central synapses1. Following peripheral nerve injury, an intense but poorly defined crosstalk takes place at the NMJ among its components, functional to nerve terminal regeneration. To identify crucial factors released by PSCs and the muscle to induce nerve regrowth, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the NMJ at different time points after injection of -latrotoxin, a presynaptic neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the black widow spider. This toxin is a simple and controlled method to induce an acute, localized and reversible nerve terminal degeneration not blurred by inflammation, and can help to identify molecules involved in the intra- and inter-cellular signalling governing NMJ regeneration.
2017-05-30 | E-MTAB-5730 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries fall short of success. One primary reason is that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) lose their regeneration ability as they mature. Here, we investigated the role of Ezh2, a histone methyltransferase, in regulation of mammalian axon regeneration. We found that Ezh2 declined in the mouse nervous system during maturation but was upregulated in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons to support spontaneous axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. In addition, overexpression of Ezh2 in retinal ganglion cells in the CNS promoted optic nerve regeneration via both histone methylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Further investigation revealed that Ezh2 supported axon regeneration by systematically silencing the transcription of genes regulating synaptic function and inhibiting axon regeneration, while simultaneously activating various axon regeneration promoting factors. In particular, our study demonstrated that the GABA transporter 2 encoded by the gene Slc6a13 acted downstream of Ezh2 to control axon regeneration. Our study suggested that modulating chromatin accessibility was a promising strategy to promote CNS axon regeneration.
2023-12-22 | GSE247319 | GEO
Project description:Current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries fall short of success. One primary reason is that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) lose their regeneration ability as they mature. Here, we investigated the role of Ezh2, a histone methyltransferase, in regulation of mammalian axon regeneration. We found that Ezh2 declined in the mouse nervous system during maturation but was upregulated in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons to support spontaneous axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. In addition, overexpression of Ezh2 in retinal ganglion cells in the CNS promoted optic nerve regeneration via both histone methylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Further investigation revealed that Ezh2 supported axon regeneration by systematically silencing the transcription of genes regulating synaptic function and inhibiting axon regeneration, while simultaneously activating various axon regeneration promoting factors. In particular, our study demonstrated that the GABA transporter 2 encoded by the gene Slc6a13 acted downstream of Ezh2 to control axon regeneration. Our study suggested that modulating chromatin accessibility was a promising strategy to promote CNS axon regeneration.
2023-12-22 | GSE247315 | GEO
Project description:A formidable challenge in neural repair in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is the long distances that regenerating axons often need to travel in order to reconnect with their targets. Thus, a sustained capacity for axon regeneration is critical for achieving functional restoration. Although deletion of either Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), or suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a negative regulator of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, in adult retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) individually promoted significant optic nerve regeneration, such regrowth tapered off around two weeks after the crush injury. Remarkably, we now find that simultaneous deletion of both PTEN and SOCS3 enable robust and sustained axon regeneration. We further show that PTEN and SOCS3 regulate two independent pathways that act synergistically to promote enhanced axon regeneration. Gene expression analyses suggest that double deletion not only result in the induction of many growth-related genes, but also allow RGCs to maintain the expression of a repertoire of genes at the physiological level after injury. Our results reveal concurrent activation of mTOR and STAT3 pathways as a key for sustaining long-distance axon regeneration in adult CNS, a crucial step toward functional recovery. RNAs were extracted from FACS sorted YFP positive mouse retinal cells, and gene-profiled using affymetrix 1.0 ST expression arrays. Three hybridizations were performed for each group (Wild type after crush, PTEN Knockout+crush, SOCS3 Knockout+crush, and PTEN/SOCS3 double knockout+crush) with RNA samples collected from three independent FACS purifications. Data were analyzed using dChIP and SAM.
2011-10-27 | E-GEOD-32309 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Peripheral nerve repair and functional recovery depend on the rate of nerve regeneration and the quality of target reinnervation. It is important to fully understand the cellular and molecular basis underlying the specificity of peripheral nerve regeneration, which means the achieving of respective correct pathfinding and accurate target reinnervation for regrowing motor and sensory axons. In this study, a quantitative proteomic technique, based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to profile the protein expression pattern between single motor and sensory nerves at 14 days after peripheral nerve transection. Among a total of 1259 proteins identified, 176 proteins showed the differential expressions between injured motor and sensory nerves. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to validate the proteomic data on representative differentially expressed proteins. Functional categorization indicated that differentially expressed proteins were linked to a diverse array of molecular functions, including axonogenesis, response to axon injury, tissue remodeling, axon ensheathment, cell proliferation and adhesion, vesicle-mediated transport, response to oxidative stress, internal signal cascade, and macromolecular complex assembly, which might play an essential role in peripheral motor and sensory nerve regeneration. Overall, we hope that the proteomic database obtained in this study could serve as a solid foundation for the comprehensive investigation of differentially expressed proteins between injured motor and sensory nerves and for the mechanism elucidation of the specificity of peripheral nerve regeneration.
2020-12-10 | PXD022097 | Pride
Project description:Current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries fall short of success. One primary reason is that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) lose their regeneration ability as they mature. Here, we investigated the role of Ezh2, a histone methyltransferase, in regulation of mammalian axon regeneration. We found that Ezh2 declined in the mouse nervous system during maturation but was upregulated in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons to support spontaneous axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. In addition, overexpression of Ezh2 in retinal ganglion cells in the CNS promoted optic nerve regeneration via both histone methylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Further investigation revealed that Ezh2 supported axon regeneration by systematically silencing the transcription of genes regulating synaptic function and inhibiting axon regeneration, while simultaneously activating various axon regeneration promoting factors. In particular, our study demonstrated that the GABA transporter 2 encoded by the gene Slc6a13 acted downstream of Ezh2 to control axon regeneration. Our study suggested that modulating chromatin accessibility was a promising strategy to promote CNS axon regeneration.
2023-12-22 | GSE247318 | GEO
Project description:Current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries fall short of success. One primary reason is that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) lose their regeneration ability as they mature. Here, we investigated the role of Ezh2, a histone methyltransferase, in regulation of mammalian axon regeneration. We found that Ezh2 declined in the mouse nervous system during maturation but was upregulated in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons to support spontaneous axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. In addition, overexpression of Ezh2 in retinal ganglion cells in the CNS promoted optic nerve regeneration via both histone methylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Further investigation revealed that Ezh2 supported axon regeneration by systematically silencing the transcription of genes regulating synaptic function and inhibiting axon regeneration, while simultaneously activating various axon regeneration promoting factors. In particular, our study demonstrated that the GABA transporter 2 encoded by the gene Slc6a13 acted downstream of Ezh2 to control axon regeneration. Our study suggested that modulating chromatin accessibility was a promising strategy to promote CNS axon regeneration.
2023-12-22 | GSE247317 | GEO