Dataset Information

Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora, Haemonchus placei, Nematodirus helvetianus, Trichostrongylus axei

ABSTRACT: High levels of L3 overwinter survival for multiple cattle gastrointestinal nematode species on western Canadian pastures as revealed by ITS-2 rDNA metabarcoding

PROVIDER: PRJNA647918 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12333028_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12333028_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12333029_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12333029_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12333030_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Project description:Cooperia oncophora and Ostertagia ostertagi are among the most important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle worldwide. The economic losses caused by these parasites are on the order of hundreds of millions of dollars per year. Conventional treatment of these parasites is through anthelmintic drugs; however, as resistance to anthelmintics increases, overall effectiveness has begun decreasing. New methods of control and alternative drug targets are necessary. In-depth analysis of transcriptomic data can help provide these targets.The assembly of 8.7 million and 11 million sequences from C. oncophora and O. ostertagi, respectively, resulted in 29,900 and 34,792 transcripts. Among these, 69% and 73% of the predicted peptides encoded by C. oncophora and O. ostertagi had homologues in other nematodes. Approximately 21% and 24% were constitutively expressed in both species, respectively; however, the numbers of transcripts that were stage specific were much smaller (~1% of the transcripts expressed in a stage). Approximately 21% of the transcripts in C. oncophora and 22% in O. ostertagi were up-regulated in a particular stage. Functional molecular signatures were detected for 46% and 35% of the transcripts in C. oncophora and O. ostertagi, respectively. More in-depth examinations of the most prevalent domains led to knowledge of gene expression changes between the free-living (egg, L1, L2 and L3 sheathed) and parasitic (L3 exsheathed, L4, and adult) stages. Domains previously implicated in growth and development such as chromo domains and the MADF domain tended to dominate in the free-living stages. In contrast, domains potentially involved in feeding such as the zinc finger and CAP domains dominated in the parasitic stages. Pathway analyses showed significant associations between life-cycle stages and peptides involved in energy metabolism in O. ostertagi whereas metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were specifically up-regulated in the parasitic stages of C. oncophora. Substantial differences were observed also between Gene Ontology terms associated with free-living and parasitic stages.This study characterized transcriptomes from multiple life stages from both C. oncophora and O. ostertagi. These data represent an important resource for studying these parasites. The results of this study show distinct differences in the genes involved in the free-living and parasitic life cycle stages. The data produced will enable better annotation of the upcoming genome sequences and will allow future comparative analyses of the biology, evolution and adaptation to parasitism in nematodes.

Project description:Cooperia oncophora is an important parasitic nematode of ruminants with a worldwide distribution. Twenty Holstein nematode-naive bull calves were experimentally infected with approximately 100,000 L3 stage infective larvae for 7, 14, 28, 42 days, respectively. The experiment was conducted in order to identify putative recognition and inflammatory pathways in the host-parasite relationship. Gene expression profiles in the small intestine were compared using a high-density bovine 60mer oligo microarray. A total of 310 sequences were differentially expressed during the course of infection (P<0.05). The pathways and regulatory networks significantly impacted by the infection were analyzed. A total of 22 canonical pathways (P<0.05) and 9 regulatory networks (P<10-10) were significantly affected by the infection. At the early phase of the infection (7 days post infection, 7dpi), the parasites suppressed acute phase response and complement system in the host. At 14dpi, three out of the six pathways impacted were related with RXR functions. When the infection progressed to 28dpi, the RXR functions started to fade away. The host response was shifted to lipid metabolism and signaling, especially eicosanoid production and signaling, suggesting eicosanoid-mediated inflammation possibly emerging as a major host defense mechanism. By 42dpi, the pathways impacted involved glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and TGFbeta signaling. The expression of cadherin-like 26 (CDH26) was strongly up-regulated starting at 14dpi and peaked at 28dpi with a ~150-fold increase. The extent of its expression is positively correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils (R =0.82), and in addition, coincides with the numbers of adult parasites in the tissue. CDH26 demonstrated an expression profile similar to two other cell adhesion molecules involved in recognition of carbohydrates on foreign organisms, collectin and galectin, suggesting it may serve as a pattern recognition molecule for Cooperia oncophora. Our results will undoubtedly provide a molecular roadmap for the future study in defining host immune responses and understanding protective immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes.

Dataset Information

Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora, Haemonchus placei, Nematodirus helvetianus, Trichostrongylus axei

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