Stage-specific transcriptomic changes in α-cells after massive β-cell loss
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA649978 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR12363224.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR12363225.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR12363226.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR12363227.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR12363228.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Conversion of α-cells into insulin-producers upon β-cell loss is modulated by constitutive signals ensuring α-cell identity maintenance. Here, we characterized the plasticity of mouse α-cells by profiling their transcriptome at different time-points after massive β-cell ablation. Our results show that α-cells undergo stage-specific transcriptional changes 5- and 15-days post-diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated β-cell ablation. At 5 days, α-cells transiently upregulate various genes associated with interferon signaling and proliferation, including Interferon Induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 3 (Ifit3). Subsequently, at 15 days post β-cell ablation, α-cells undergo a transient downregulation of genes from several pathways including Insulin receptor, mTOR and MET signaling. These results pinpoint novel markers discriminating α-cells at different stages after acute β-cell loss, and highlight additional signaling pathways that could be involved in reprogramming the functional identity of α-cells.
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Project description:We aimed to fill the gap in understanding functional roles of the islet cellular oscillators under diabetic conditions following massive β-cell ablation, and during β-cell regeneration. We assessed diurnal regulation of β-cell proliferation and transcriptional landscape in separated α- and residual β-cells -utilizing rtTA/TET-DTA mouse model that bears α- and β-cell specific labeling. Acute hyperglycemia and loss of β-cell mass perturbed absolute expression levels and temporal transcriptome profiles in residual β-cells, whereas in neighboring α-cells only changes in temporal profiles were observed. Strikingly, compensatory regeneration of β-cells exhibited circadian rhythmicity. In arrhythmic BMAL1 knockout mice, massive β-cell ablation led to aggravated hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia and a fatal non-compensated diabetes. No activation of β-cell regeneration via entry into cell-cycle was observed in arrhythmic mice, suggesting essential role of functional circadian clocks in this process.
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Project description:BackgroundLoss of pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells due to metabolic or autoimmune damage leads to the development of diabetes. The discovery that α-cells can be efficiently reprogrammed into insulin-secreting cells in mice and humans has opened promising avenues for innovative diabetes therapies. β-cell loss triggers spontaneous reprogramming of only 1-2% of α-cells, limiting the extent of regeneration. Most α-cells are refractory to conversion and their global transcriptomic response to severe β-cell loss as well as the mechanisms opposing their reprogramming into insulin producers are largely unknown. Here, we performed RNA-seq on FAC-sorted α-cells to characterize their global transcriptional responses at different time points after massive β-cell ablation.ResultsOur results show that α-cells undergo stage-specific transcriptional changes 5- and 15-days post-diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated β-cell ablation. At 5 days, α-cells transiently upregulate various genes associated with interferon signaling and proliferation, including Interferon Induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 3 (Ifit3). Subsequently, at 15 days post β-cell ablation, α-cells undergo a transient downregulation of genes from several pathways including Insulin receptor, mTOR and MET signaling.ConclusionsThe results presented here pinpoint novel markers discriminating α-cells at different stages after acute β-cell loss, and highlight additional signaling pathways that are modulated in α-cells in this context.
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Project description:Rodent models are widely used to study diabetes. Yet, significant gaps remain in our understanding of mouse islet physiology that reduce their accuracy as a model for human islet disease. We generated comprehensive transcriptomes of mouse beta and alpha cells using a novel bitransgenic mouse model generated for this purpose. This enables systematic comparison across thousands of genes between the two major endocrine cell types of the islets of Langerhans whose principal hormones are of cardinal importance for glucose homeostasis. Our data leveraged against similar data for human beta cells reveal a core common beta cell transcriptome of 9900+ genes and marked differences in the repertoire of receptors and long non-coding RNAs between mouse and human beta cells. The comprehensive comparison of the (dis)similarities between mouse and human beta cells represents an invaluable resource to boost the effectiveness by which rodent models offer guidance in finding cures for human diabetes. FACS purified alpha and beta cells from the same islets. Islets were isolated from bitransgenic offspring of a cross between mIns1-H2b-mCherry and S100b-eGFP transgenic reporter mice that mark beta and alpha cells, respectively. Islets from two replicate groups of 10 or 11 animals were pooled by sex to obtain sufficient material. Pooled islets were dissociated, sorted and collect in Trizol for RNA isolation and library construction.
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