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Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution [RNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution [RNA-Seq]

PROVIDER: PRJNA667056 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12764816_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12764816_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12764817_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12764817_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12764818_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution

Project description:Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution

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Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution [ChIP-Seq]

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Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution.

Project description:The human cerebral cortex contains many cell types that likely underwent independent functional changes during evolution. However, cell-type-specific regulatory landscapes in the cortex remain largely unexplored. Here we report epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses of the two main cortical neuronal subtypes, glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons, in human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque. Using genome-wide profiling of the H3K27ac histone modification, we identify neuron-subtype-specific regulatory elements that previously went undetected in bulk brain tissue samples. Human-specific regulatory changes are uncovered in multiple genes, including those associated with language, autism spectrum disorder, and drug addiction. We observe preferential evolutionary divergence in neuron subtype-specific regulatory elements and show that a substantial fraction of pan-neuronal regulatory elements undergoes subtype-specific evolutionary changes. This study sheds light on the interplay between regulatory evolution and cell-type-dependent gene-expression programs, and provides a resource for further exploration of human brain evolution and function.

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Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution [RNA-Seq]

Project description:The human cerebral cortex contains many cell types that likely underwent independent functional changes during evolution. However, cell-type–specific regulatory landscapes in the cortex re- main largely unexplored. Here we report epigenomic and tran- scriptomic analyses of the two main cortical neuronal subtypes, glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons, in human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque. Using genome- wide profiling of the H3K27ac histone modification, we identify neuron-subtype–specific regulatory elements that previously went undetected in bulk brain tissue samples. Human-specific regula- tory changes are uncovered in multiple genes, including those as- sociated with language, autism spectrum disorder, and drug addiction. We observe preferential evolutionary divergence in neuron subtype-specific regulatory elements and show that a sub- stantial fraction of pan-neuronal regulatory elements undergos subtype-specific evolutionary changes. This study sheds light on the interplay between regulatory evolution and cell- type–dependent gene-expression programs, and provides a re- source for further exploration of human brain evolution and function.

2020-10-03 | GSE158932 | GEO

Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution [ChIP-Seq]

2020-10-03 | GSE158931 | GEO

Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell-type resolution

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2020-10-03 | GSE158934 | GEO

MicroRNA signatures of the developing primate fovea

Project description:Purpose: Uncover the mRNA and microRNA signatures of non-human primate retina during development.

2021-03-09 | GSE168475 | GEO

MicroRNA signatures of the developing primate fovea

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The Birth, Distribution and Evolution of Primate Cerebral Inhibitory Neurons

Project description:Neuroanatomists have long speculated that expanded primate brains contain an increased morphological diversity of inhibitory neurons (doi:10.1038/nrn3444, DeFelipe et al.) and recent studies have identified primate-specific neuronal populations at the molecular level(doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2781-z, Krienen et al.). However, we know little about the developmental mechanisms that specify evolutionarily novel cell types in the brain. Here, we reconstructed gene expression trajectories specifying inhibitory neurons spanning the neurogenic period in macaque and mouse by analyzing the transcriptomes of 250,181 cells. We find that the initial classes of inhibitory neurons generated prenatally are largely conserved among mammals. Nonetheless, we identify two contrasting developmental mechanisms for specifying evolutionarily novel cell types during prenatal development. First, we show that recently-identified primate-specific TAC3 striatal interneurons are specified by a unique transcriptional program in progenitors followed by induction of a distinct suite of neuropeptides and neurotransmitter receptors in newborn neurons. Second, we find that multiple classes of transcriptionally-conserved olfactory-bulb bound precursors are redirected to expanded primate white matter and striatum, including a novel peristriatal class, striatum laureatum neurons, that resemble dopaminergic periglomerular cells of the olfactory bulb. We propose an evolutionary model in which conserved initial classes of neurons supplying the smaller primate olfactory bulb are reused in the enlarged striatum and cortex. Together, our results provide a unified developmental taxonomy of initial classes of mammalian inhibitory neurons and reveal multiple developmental mechanisms for neural cell type evolution.

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Deciphering Primate Retinal Aging at Single-Cell Resolution

Project description:Deciphering Primate Retinal Aging at Single-Cell Resolution

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