Fukushima green manure application
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA694813 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Fertilizer application practices are one of the major challenges facing agroecology. The agrobenefits of combined application of green manure and chemical fertilizers, and the potential of green manure to replace chemical fertilizers are now well documented. However, little is known about the impact of fertilization practices on microbial communities and tice yield. In this study, the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, symbiotic networks and their relationship with soil function were analyzed in five fertilization treatments (N: 100% nitrogen fertilizer alone; M: green manure alone; MN60: green manure couple with 60% nitrogen fertilizer, MN80: green manure couple with 80% nitrogen fertilizer; and MN100: green manure couple with 100% nitrogen fertilizer). First, early rice yield was significantly higher by 12.6% in MN100 treatment in 2021 compared with N. Secondly, soil bacterial diversity showed an increasing trend with increasing N fertilizer application after green manure input, however, the opposite was true for fungal diversity. Microbial interaction analysis showed that different fertilizer applications changed soil microbial network complexity and fertilizer-induced changes in soil microbial interactions were closely related to soil environmental changes. Random forest models further predicted the importance of soil environment, microorganisms and rice yield. Overall, nitrogen fertilizer green manure altered rice yield due to its effects on soil environment and microbial communities. In the case of combined green manure and N fertilizer application, bacteria and fungi showed different responses to fertilization method, and the full amount of N fertilizer in combination with green manure reduced the complexity of soil microbial network. In contrast, for more ecologically sensitive karst areas, we recommend fertilization practices with reduced N by 20-40% for rice production. Graphical Abstract.
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Project description:Green manure is used as an environmentally friendly technology to produce clean agricultural products. This technology not only helps reduce environmental and health concerns, but can also increase productivity. Green manure is especially needed in the production of paddy. Because rice as a strategic product is the main food of people in many countries of the world. Rice production using green manure can enable countries to develop and increase healthy production. However, the acceptance of this technology is low in many rice producing countries. In this regard, this study used an integrated and extended version of the theory of planned behavior to predict and encourage the adoption of green manure technology in Iran. To collect the required data, a cross-sectional survey was performed among Iranian rice growers and the results of hypothesis testing were analyzed using partial least squares-based structural equation modeling. The results revealed that moral norms of green manure, attitude towards green manure, perceived behavioral control on using green manure, and trialability of green manure have positive and significant effects on intention towards using green manure. In addition, bootstrap analysis showed that moral norms of green manure and trialability of green manure positively and significantly mediated the (indirect) effects of subjective norms towards application of green manure on intention towards using green manure. The results led to important practical and theoretical implications that could provide new insights for policy-makers, planners, and practitioners to develop and encourage the adoption of green manure technology to produce clean and healthy agricultural products.
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Project description:Applying manure to pasture fields is a very common method of fertilization. However, rainfall can cause the manure to leach into water bodies near the field, contaminating the water and damaging the environment and the animals living in it, ultimately affecting human life. This paper presents a dataset consisting of images of 30 plots after manure application, verified by on-site investigations. This involved visiting 38 different plots, of which 8 were discarded because they were not suitable, either because of their small size, the lack of a specific manure application date, or the images being too cloudy in that period. The imagery is collected through Google Earth Engine using the satellite Sentinel-2, which offers 13 hyperspectral bands in the range of ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths including the visible spectrum. From these 13 bands, the most common hyperspectral indices in the literature for precision agriculture are calculated and added into the images as channels. 51 hyperspectral indices are calculated, summing up to a total of 64 channels per image when adding the raw bands from Sentinel-2. No normalization has been performed on any of the channels. The data can be used for further research of automatic classification of manure application to control its use and prevent contamination.
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Project description:Traditionally, the supplement of organic manure in tea plantations has been a common approach to improving soil fertility and promoting terroir compounds, as manifested by the coordinated increase in yield and quality for the resulting teas. However, information regarding the effect of organic manure in the metabolome of tea plants is still inadequate. The metabolite profiles of tea shoots applied with cow manure, urea or no fertilizer were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 73 metabolites were detected, and the modulated metabolites included mainly amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. In particular, glutamine, quinic acid and proline accumulated more in tea shoots in soils treated with cow manure, but octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid were drastically reduced. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that organic acids and amino acids in tea shoots were the two major metabolite groups among the three treatments. The analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that the cow manure treatment significantly changed the enrichment of pathways related to amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Sensory evaluation showed that the quality of green teas was higher when the plants used to make the tea were grown in soil treated with cow manure rather than urea during spring and late summer. The results indicated that the application of cow manure in soils changed the metabolic characteristics of tea shoots and improved the qualities of the resulting teas.
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Project description:Odorous volatile organic compounds (VOC) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are emitted together with ammonia (NH3) from manure slurry applied as a fertilizer, but little is known about the composition and temporal variation of the emissions. In this work, a laboratory method based on dynamic flux chambers packed with soil has been used to measure emissions from untreated pig slurry and slurry treated by solid-liquid separation and ozonation. Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) was used to provide time resolved data for a range of VOC, NH3 and H2S. VOC included organic sulfur compounds, carboxylic acids, phenols, indoles, alcohols, ketones and aldehydes. H2S emission was remarkably observed to take place only in the initial minutes after slurry application, which is explained by its high partitioning into the air phase. Long-term odor effects are therefore assessed to be mainly due to other volatile compounds with low odor threshold values, such as 4-methylphenol. PTR-MS signal assignment was verified by comparison to a photo-acoustic analyzer (NH3) and to thermal desorption GC/MS (VOC). Due to initial rapid changes in odorant emissions and low concentrations of odorants, PTR-MS is assessed to be a very useful method for assessing odor following field application of slurry. The effects of treatments on odorant emissions are discussed.
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Project description:TSLP-stimulated CD4+ T cells block the promotion of breast cancer in a spontaneous PyMT mouse model. The goal of this project is to investigate what are the epigenetic changes induced by CD4+ T cells that lead to diminished proliferation of cancer cells
2022-05-15 | GSE156117 | GEO
Project description:Winter manure application elevates nutrient losses and impairment of water quality as compared to manure applications in other seasons. In conjunction with reviewing global distribution of animal densities, we reviewed worldwide mandatory regulations and voluntary guidelines on efforts to reduce off-site nutrient losses associated with winter manure applications. Most of the developed countries implement regulations or guidelines to restrict winter manure application, which range from a regulative ban to guidelines based upon weather and field management conditions. In contrast, developing countries lack such official directives, despite an increasing animal production industry and concern over water quality. An analysis of five case studies reveals that directives are derived from a common rationale to reduce off-site manure nutrient losses, but they are also affected by local socio-economic and biophysical considerations. Successful programs combine site-specific management strategies along with expansion of manure storage to offer farmers greater flexibility in winter manure management.
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