High-fat diet activated fatty acid oxidation mediates intestinal stemness and tumorigenicity
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA705719 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
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| SRR13817200.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13817201.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13817202.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13817203.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13817204.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:High-fat diet activated fatty acid oxidation mediates intestinal stemness and tumorigenicity
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Project description:We apply scRNA-seq to identify shared patterns of gene expression related to fatty acid oxidation, across stem cells from the proximal small intestine, distal small intestine, and colon
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Project description:Obesity is an established risk factor for cancer in many tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract. In the mammalian intestine, a pro-obesity high fat diet (HFD) promotes tumorigenesis in part by enhancing intestinal stem cell (ISC) numbers, proliferation and function. Although Ppar (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) nuclear receptor activity has been proposed to mediate some of these effects in HFD ISCs, the exact role that different Ppar family members play in this process is unclear. Here, we find that in loss-of-function in vivo models, both Ppar family members alpha and delta contribute to the HFD response in ISCs. Mechanistically, both PPARs do so by robustly inducing a downstream fatty acid oxidation (FAO) metabolic program. Notably, pharmacologic and genetic disruption of CPT1a (the rate limiting enzyme of FAO) blunts the HFD phenotype in ISCs. Furthermore, just as HFD ISCs depend on CPT1a-mediated FAO, inhibition of CPT1a dampens the pro-tumorigenic consequences of a HFD on early tumor incidence and progression in the intestine. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of a HFD activated FAO program creates a therapeutic opportunity to counter the effects of a HFD on ISCs and intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Project description:Obesity is an established risk factor for cancer in many tissues. In the mammalian intestine, a pro-obesity high-fat diet (HFD) promotes regeneration and tumorigenesis by enhancing intestinal stem cell (ISC) numbers, proliferation, and function. Although PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) nuclear receptor activity has been proposed to facilitate these effects, their exact role is unclear. Here we find that, in loss-of-function in vivo models, PPARα and PPARδ contribute to the HFD response in ISCs. Mechanistically, both PPARs do so by robustly inducing a downstream fatty acid oxidation (FAO) metabolic program. Pharmacologic and genetic disruption of CPT1A (the rate-controlling enzyme of mitochondrial FAO) blunts the HFD phenotype in ISCs. Furthermore, inhibition of CPT1A dampens the pro-tumorigenic consequences of a HFD on early tumor incidence and progression. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of a HFD-activated FAO program creates a therapeutic opportunity to counter the effects of a HFD on ISCs and intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Project description:Metabolic remodeling is one of the earliest events that occur during the early differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but how these metabolic changes are regulated and participate in the cell differentiation is still largely undissected. Here, we define the fatty acid metabolism as a key player in definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation from human ESCs. During DE differentiation, lipogenesis is decreased while fatty acid β oxidation is enhanced. This dynamic is due to the phosphorylation of lipogenic enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which is mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibits the de novo fatty acid synthesis. More importantly, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by either its inhibitors or AMPK agonist, significantly promotes the human endoderm differentiation, while blockade of the fatty acid oxidation by genetic manipulation or chemical antagonists impairs the differentiation. The de novo fatty acid synthesis inhibition and fatty acid β oxidation maintaining contribute to the accumulation of cellular acetyl-CoA, which is the essential substrate for protein acetylation. Further study reveals that SMAD3 acetylation and the subsequent subcellular localization exhibit significant change upon interfering fatty acid metabolism. Mechanistically, the accumulation of cellular acetyl-CoA guarantees the acetylation of key transcription factor SMAD3, which further causes the nuclear localization and activation of SMAD signaling pathway to promote DE differentiation. Thus, our current study reveals a fatty acid synthesis/oxidation shift during early differentiation and presents an instructive role of fatty acid metabolism in regulating human early endoderm differentiation.
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Project description:Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with the NUP98-NSD1 or MLL gene rearrangement (MLL-r) share transcriptomic profiles featured with stemness-related gene signatures and display poor prognosis in the clinic. However, the molecular underpinnings of AML aggressiveness and stemness remain far from clear. Here, we report that the enzymatic activity of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for maintenance of tumorigenicity in NUP98-NSD1+ AML, consistent to its role in MLL-r AML. Transcriptomic analysis revealed Kdm5b, a lysine demethylase gene carrying the “bivalent domain” chromatin feature in AML, to be directly repressed by PRC2. While ectopic expression of Kdm5b suppressed AML growth, its depletion in AML not only promoted tumorigenicity but also significantly attenuated anti-AML effects by PRC2 inhibitors, thus demonstrating an involvement of the PRC2-|Kdm5b axis for AML oncogenesis. Lower KDM5B expression is positively correlated with poorer prognosis of human AML patients. RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and CUT&RUN based genomic profilings also showed that Kdm5b directly binds to and represses AML stemness genes. In contrast to an essential involvement for its various chromatin-associating domains, Kdm5b’s demethylase function was found to be dispensable for AML suppression, indicating a scaffold role in assembling gene-repressive complexes. Collectively, this study describes a molecular axis involving histone modifiers (PRC2 and Kdm5b) for sustaining the malignant features of AML, implicative of potential therapeutics.
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